The IBM System/360 model 91: machine philosophy and instruction-handling
The IBM System/360 model 91: machine philosophy and instruction-handling
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IBM System/360 模型 91：机器哲学和指令处理
DOI：
10.1147/rd.111.0008
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发表时间：
1967
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
R. M. Tomasulo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. W. Anderson;F. J. Sparacio;R. M. Tomasulo
System/360 Model 91 中央处理单元通过结合机器组织、电路设计和硬件封装方面的进步，提供比 IBM 7090 数据处理系统高一到两个数量级的内部计算性能。所采用的电路将以小于 3 纳秒的速度进行切换，并且电路环境使得每个电路级的延迟约为 5 纳秒。在组织上，主要重点放在（1）缩小存储时间和电路速度之间的差距，以及（2）高速浮点算术算法的开发。
本文主要讨论第(1)项的组织。描述了一种设计，该设计通过使用存储交错和CPU缓冲寄存器来提高存储带宽和访问时间与周期时间的比率。结果表明，历史记录（在 CPU 中保留完整的指令循环）减少了对存储的需求，并且缓冲技术的复杂使用减少了有效访问时间。该系统的组织方式使执行硬件与指令单元分离；由此产生的更小的半自主“包”改善了区域内的通信。
The System/360 Model 91 central processing unit provides internal computational performance oneto two orders of magnitude greater than that of the IBM 7090 Data Processing Systemt hrough a combination of advancements in machine organization, circuit design, and hardware packaging. The circuits employed will switch at speeds of less than 3 nsec, and the circuit environment is such that delay is approximately 5 nsec per circuit level. Organizationally, primary emphasis is placed on (1) alleviating the disparity between storage time and circuit speed, and (2) the development of high speed floating-point arithmetic algorithms.
This paper deals mainly with item (1) of the organization. A design is described which improves the ratio of storage bandwidth and access time to cycle time through the use of storage interleaving and CPU buffer registers. It is shown that history recording (the retention of complete instruction loops in the CPU) reduces the need to exercise storage, and that sophisticated employment of buffering techniques has reducedt he effective access time. The system is organized so that execution hardware is separated fromth e instruction unit; the resulting smaller, semiautonomous "packages" improve intra-area communication.