Comprehensive optimum andadaptable design methodology for the working mechanism of a wheel loader
Comprehensive optimum andadaptable design methodology for the working mechanism of a wheel loader
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轮式装载机工作机构综合优化适应性设计方法
DOI：
10.1007/s00170-016-9312-y
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通讯作者：
何柏岩
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作者：
张志忠;何柏岩
工作机构是轮式装载机的重要组成部分。它用于完成铲、装载、提升和倾倒任务。装载机的工作机构通常为Z连杆机构，其尺寸设计直接影响装载机的工作性能，如卸载间隙和卸载高度。由于装载机的性能指标众多，现场使用要求也各不相同，因此，采用全参数化运动学模型对装载机进行综合优化、适应性设计的方法一直是工程技术人员研究的热点。针对多目标、多变量问题，首先建立了精确、简化的Z-杆机构运动学模型，推导了机构基本参数的表达式，然后研究了机构传动比、起升平稳性、任意位置倾倒角、铲斗平放、极限传动角等性能指标，采用全参数化运动学模型和改进复合形法的优化算法，建立了一个综合性强、适应性强的设计平台，解决了Z杆机构的多目标多变量设计问题。最后给出了“全变量设计”和“部分变量设计”两种优化方案的算例。仿真结果表明，两种方案都优于原方案。该方法和平台对于生成面向用户需求的连杆机构设计方案，充分考虑和优化多个性能指标具有重要意义。
The working mechanism is an important part of a wheel loader. It is used to accomplish the shoveling, loading, lifting, and dumping tasks. Usually, the working mechanism is a Z-bar linkage and the dimensional design of the linkage directly affects the loader’s service performance, such as dumping clearance and dumping height. As there are many other performance indexes and various field requirements for the loader, comprehensive optimum, and adaptable design methodology with full-parameterized kinematic model attracts engineers’ research interests. Focusing on the multi-objective and multi-variable problems, this paper firstly establishes an accurate and simplified kinematic model of the Z-bar linkage with deduced expression of the basic parameters, and then investigates the performance indexes including mechanism transmission ratio, lifting stationary, dumping angle in any position, bucket flat setting, and extreme transmission angle, etc. With the full-parameterized kinematic model and the optimum algorithm, modified complex method, a comprehensive and adaptable design platform is built to solve the multi-objective and multi-variable problems of the Z-bar linkage. A case study with two optimization schemes as “full variables design” and “partial variable design” is conducted. The simulation results show that both schemes are better than the original one. The methodology and platform in this paper are of importance in generating user requirement oriented linkage design schemes with enough consideration and optimization of multiple performance indexes.