L1CAM-associated extracellular vesicles: A systematic review of nomenclature, sources, separation, and characterization.
L1CAM-associated extracellular vesicles: A systematic review of nomenclature, sources, separation, and characterization.
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DOI：
10.1002/jex2.35
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发表时间：
2022-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Witwer, Kenneth W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gomes, Dimitria E;Witwer, Kenneth W
当释放到血液或唾液等生物液体中时，脑细胞外囊泡（EV）可能会提供一个进入其他不可接近组织的窗口，为神经退行性疾病和其他中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病提供有用的生物标志物。然而，为了富集外周中的脑EV，需要细胞特异性EV表面标记。最常用于获得推定神经元来源的EV的蛋白质是跨膜L1细胞粘附分子（L1 CAM/CD 171）。在这篇系统性综述中，我们检查了关于L1 CAM和EV的现有文献，包括通过EV研究（MISEV）的最小信息的透镜对神经退行性疾病和癌症的研究，特别是在命名使用、EV来源和EV分离和表征领域。尽管许多研究已经报道了与疾病相关的L1 CAM相关生物标志物特征，但这些结果的解释是复杂的，因为L1 CAM表达不限于神经元，并且在癌症进展期间也上调。最近的一项研究表明，L1 CAM表位大部分或完全以切割的可溶性蛋白质形式存在于生物流体中。我们对L1 CAM介导的EV分离，富集和表征的实践和趋势的研究结果产生了一些见解，这些见解可能有助于解释结果，评估严谨性，并提出进一步探索的途径。
When released into biological fluids like blood or saliva, brain extracellular vesicles (EVs) might provide a window into otherwise inaccessible tissue, contributing useful biomarkers of neurodegenerative and other central nervous system (CNS) diseases. To enrich for brain EVs in the periphery, however, cell-specific EV surface markers are needed. The protein that has been used most frequently to obtain EVs of putative neuronal origin is the transmembrane L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM/CD171). In this systematic review, we examine the existing literature on L1CAM and EVs, including investigations of both neurodegenerative disease and cancer through the lens of the minimal information for studies of EVs (MISEV), specifically in the domains of nomenclature usage, EV sources, and EV separation and characterization. Although numerous studies have reported L1CAM-associated biomarker signatures that correlate with disease, interpretation of these results is complicated since L1CAM expression is not restricted to neurons and is also upregulated during cancer progression. A recent study has suggested that L1CAM epitopes are present in biofluids mostly or entirely as cleaved, soluble protein. Our findings on practices and trends in L1CAM-mediated EV separation, enrichment, and characterization yield insights that may assist with interpreting results, evaluating rigor, and suggesting avenues for further exploration.