Prevalence and Characterization of Food-Related Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in China
Prevalence and Characterization of Food-Related Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in China
复制标题
中国食品相关耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA) 的流行情况及特征
DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2019.00304
复制
发表时间：
2019-02-20
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Wei, Xianhu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wu, Shi;Huang, Jiahui;Wei, Xianhu
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）是一种新兴的病原体，由于感染后细菌的多次耐药性而难以治疗。从2011年到2016年，从涉及中国大多数省级首都的零售食品中的4300个样品中分离出1581 S.金黄色葡萄干。为了确定食物相关的MRSA的流行及其在中国的遗传背景，抗生素耐药性，葡萄球菌毒素基因，葡萄球菌盒式磁带MEC MEC（SCCMEC）键入，SPA-TYPTING和MLST在这项研究中进行了。总共通过表型（头孢辛蛋白）和基因分型（MECA/MECC基因）证实了108个（7.4％）分离株MRSA。总共52.8％（57/108）的MRSA分离株属于克隆复合物59（CC59）（CC59）（ST59，ST338和ST3355），这是本研究中主要的克隆。这些CC59分离株带有IV型，V或III型的SCCMEC元素，并展示了Typa Type T437，T441，T543，T543，T163，T1785或T3485，其中一半携带主要的病毒率基因，例如Panton-Valentine Leucocidin（PVL）Gene。次级克隆属于具有T899-SCCMEC III类型的ST9（15.7％，17/108），并且显示出更广泛的抗菌耐药性。其余的MRSA分离株（31.5％，34/108）分布在12种不同的ST和18种不同的水疗类型中。所有具有至少一个肠毒素基因的分离株，而仅有4个分离株（3.70％）呈毒性休克综合征毒素TSST等位基因阳性。对于抗生素易感性测试，所有分离株均对三种以上的抗生素具有抗性，而79.6％的分离株对10种以上的抗生素具有抗性。在研究中，阿莫西林/克拉素酸，氨苄青霉素，头孢辛蛋白，青霉素，头孢嗪，卡纳米霉素，链霉素，克林霉素和丝霉素是最常见的研究（55.6％，60/10/108）。总而言之，这项研究的结果表明，中国与食物相关的主要MRSA分离株更接近与社区相关的MRSA，其余的某些分离株（ST9-T899-SCCMEC III）应该是牲畜相关的MRSA。此外，大多数MRSA分离株对多种药物显示耐药性和携带葡萄球菌毒素基因。因此，这些分离株的致病潜力不能忽略。此外，还需要进一步的研究来阐明MRSA与零售食品有关的传输途径，并确定如何防止MRSA的扩散。
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging pathogen that is difficult to treat due to the multiresistance of the bacteria upon infection. From 2011 to 2016, 1581 S. aureus strains were isolated from 4300 samples from retail foods covering most provincial capitals in China. To determine the prevalence of food-related MRSA and its genetic background in China, antibiotic resistance, staphylococcal toxin genes, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, spa-typing and MLST were carried out in this study. In total, 108 (7.4%) isolates were confirmed for MRSA by phenotyping (cefoxitin) and genotyping (mecA/mecC gene). A total of 52.8% (57/108) of the MRSA isolates belonged to clonal complex 59 (CC59) (ST59, ST338, and ST3355), which was the predominant clone in this study. These CC59 isolates carried SCCmec elements of type IV, V, or III and exhibited spa type t437, t441, t543, t163, t1785, or t3485, and half of them carried major virulence genes, such as the Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) gene. The secondary clones belonged to ST9 (15.7%, 17/108) with a type of t899-SCCmec III and showed a broader range of antimicrobial resistance. The remaining MRSA isolates (31.5%, 34/108) were distributed in 12 different STs and 18 different spa types. All isolates harbored at least one of the enterotoxin genes, whereas only 4 isolates (3.70%) were positive for the toxic shock syndrome toxin tsst alleles. For antibiotic susceptibility testing, all isolates were resistant to more than three antibiotics, and 79.6% of the isolates were resistant to more than 10 antibiotics. Amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cefoxitin, penicillin, ceftazidime, kanamycin, streptomycin, clindamycin, and telithromycin was the most common antibiotic resistance profile (55.6%, 60/108) in the study. In summary, the results of this study implied that the major food-related MRSA isolate in China was closer to community-associated MRSA, and some of the remaining isolates (ST9-t899-SCCmec III) were supposed to livestock-associated MRSA. In addition, most MRSA isolates showed resistance to multiple drugs and harbored staphylococcal toxin genes. Thus, the pathogenic potential of these isolates cannot be ignored. In addition, further studies are needed to elucidate the transmission routes of MRSA in relation to retail foods and to determine how to prevent the spread of MRSA.