Short-Packet Amplify-and-Forward Relaying for the Internet-of-Things in the Face of Imperfect Channel Estimation and Hardware Impairments
Short-Packet Amplify-and-Forward Relaying for the Internet-of-Things in the Face of Imperfect Channel Estimation and Hardware Impairments
复制标题
面对不完美的信道估计和硬件损伤的物联网短数据包放大和转发中继
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
L. Hanzo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vahid Shahiri;Ali Kuhestani;L. Hanzo
在下一代无线系统中，必须实现超可靠的低延迟通信 (URLLC) 以支持物联网 (IoT)。然而，面对信道估计误差（CEE）和硬件缺陷（HWI），这是一个相当大的挑战。因此，我们考虑各种实际的 HWI 以及 CEE，并评估基于短数据包的协作放大转发 (AF) 中继网络的平均块错误率 (BLER)。我们的模拟和分析结果表明，正如预期的那样，CEE 和 HWI 都会导致平均 BLER 大幅下降。特别是，CEE 会导致 BLER 下限，而 HWI 的增加会进一步加剧这种情况。无论发射功率如何，高水平的 HWI 都会导致 BLER 趋于 1。此外，研究表明，CEE 和 HWI 严重降低了理想化完美场景的能源效率。这一观察结果表明，CEE 和 HWI 都构成了节能通信系统设计中的关键问题。然而，通过解决所提出的优化问题，我们设想了几种减轻 CEE 和 HWI 造成的退化的方案，例如，在我们的自适应持续时间训练方案中，根据两个通道的当前状态共享跳数的总 CEE。我们的仿真结果表明，该方案显着降低了 BLER，并减轻了 CEE 的有害影响。
In next-generation wireless systems ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) have to be realized in support of the Internet-of-things (IoT). However, this is quite a challenge in the face of channel estimation errors (CEEs) and hardware imperfections (HWIs). Hence, we consider a variety of realistic HWIs as well as CEEs and evaluate the average block error rate (BLER) of a short-packet based cooperative amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying network. Our simulation and analytical results reveal that as expected, both the CEEs and HWIs lead to a substantial average BLER degradation. In particular, CEEs lead to a BLER floor, which is further aggravated by the increase in HWIs. A high level of HWIs results in a BLER tending to one, regardless of the transmit power. Furthermore, it is shown that the CEEs and HWIs gravely degrade the energy efficiency of the idealized perfect scenario. This observation shows that both the CEEs and HWIs constitute critical issues in the design of energy efficient communication systems. However, through solving the optimization problems formulated, we conceived several schemes for mitigating the degradations imposed by the CEEs and HWIs, e.g., in our adaptive-duration training scheme the total CEE of the hops is shared in line with the current status of the two channels. Our simulation results show that this scheme significantly reduces the BLER and mitigates the deleterious effects of CEE.