Learning by strategies and learning by drill - evidence from an fMRI study
Learning by strategies and learning by drill - evidence from an fMRI study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.009
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发表时间：
2005-04-15
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Felber, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Delazer, M;Ischebeck, A;Felber, S
目前的功能磁共振成像研究首先调查学习新的算术运算是否通过改变大脑激活模式来反映，其次研究不同的学习方法是否会导致大脑激活的差异性改变。在受控设计中，受试者接受了为期一周的两种新的复杂算术运算的训练，其中一种是通过应用备份策略（即一系列算术运算）来训练的，另一种是通过演习来训练的，即通过学习操作数和结果之间的关联来训练。在接下来的功能磁共振成像会议中，使用事件相关设计对新的未训练项目、通过策略训练的项目和通过演习训练的项目进行了评估。与训练过的项目相比，未经训练的项目显示出较大的双侧顶叶激活，激活的焦点沿着右侧顶内沟。在两个额下回中发现了更多的激活灶。训练与未训练的相反对比显示出更集中的激活模式，两个角回旋都激活。正如特定激活模式所表明的那样，新获得的专业知识是在先前存在的算术处理和内存网络中实现的。训练和策略条件之间的比较表明，成功的检索与反映潜在学习方法的不同大脑激活模式有关。虽然训练条件更强烈地激活延伸到左角回的内侧顶叶区域，但策略条件与楔前叶的激活相关，这可以通过记忆检索中的视觉图像来解释。 (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
The present fMRI study investigates, first, whether learning new arithmetic operations is reflected by changing cerebral activation patterns, and second, whether different learning methods lead to differential modifications of brain activation. In a controlled design, subjects were trained over a week on two new complex arithmetic operations, one operation trained by the application of back-up strategies, i.e., a sequence of arithmetic operations, the other by drill, i.e., by learning the association between the operands and the result. In the following fMRI session, new untrained items, items trained by strategy and items trained by drill, were assessed using an event-related design. Untrained items as compared to trained showed large bilateral parietal activations, with the focus of activation along the right intraparietal sulcus. Further foci of activation were found in both inferior frontal gyri. The reverse contrast, trained vs. untrained, showed a more focused activation pattern with activation in both angular gyri. As suggested by the specific activation patterns, newly acquired expertise was implemented in previously existing networks of arithmetic processing and memory. Comparisons between drill and strategy conditions suggest that successful retrieval was associated with different brain activation patterns reflecting the underlying learning methods. While the drill condition more strongly activated medial parietal regions extending to the left angular gyrus, the strategy condition was associated to the activation of the precuneus which may be accounted for by visual imagery in memory retrieval. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.