Ecological responses, adaptation and mechanisms of mangrove wetland ecosystem to global climate change and anthropogenic activities
Ecological responses, adaptation and mechanisms of mangrove wetland ecosystem to global climate change and anthropogenic activities
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ibiod.2021.105248
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发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
You-Shao Wang;J. Gu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
You-Shao Wang;J. Gu
红树林湿地作为一种独特的海洋生态系统，具有四个重要特征，分布在世界上热带和亚热带的潮间带沿海地区，主要分布在纬度25°N和25°s之间。全球红树林总面积约为170万公顷，遍布118个国家和地区。红树林发挥着重要的生态作用，作为一个热带沿海生态系统，其总净初级生产力高达2000 g C·m−2·a−1。红树林生态系统在维持和保护热带和亚热带海洋生物多样性方面发挥着关键作用，在全球生物地球化学过程和气候变化中发挥着非常重要的作用。红树林湿地位于陆地和海洋之间，是一种敏感的生态系统，不仅对自然环境变化敏感，而且对城市化和经济发展等人为过程也敏感。与红树林生态系统相关的植物、动物和微生物的丰富多样性和群落，包括可见生物和真菌、细菌和古细菌等不可见生物。这些微生物在养分循环中起着重要的生态作用和功能。红树林是典型的海洋生态系统，与全球气候变化密切相关，可以发挥积极作用。红树林作为重要的沿海生态屏障，其生存和分布也受到人为活动和全球气候变化的影响。本文从全球变暖、海平面上升、大气二氧化碳浓度增加和极端天气等方面综述了全球气候变化对红树林的影响。它还涉及与气候变化有关的重要微生物地球化学过程。古生菌也因其在红树林中的普遍存在和潜在的生态功能而受到关注。未来，全球气候变化将给红树林的研究、维护和发展带来巨大的挑战和机遇。
Mangrove wetlands possess four important characteristics as one of the unique marine ecosystems, and are found in the intertidal coastal regions of the tropics and subtropics in the world, mainly between latitudes 25° N and 25° S. The total area of the global mangrove forest is about 1.7 million hectares, spanning over 118 countries and territories. Mangroves play an important ecological role and functioning as a tropical coastal ecosystem with a total net primary productivity as high as 2000 g C·m−2·a−1. Mangrove ecosystems serve a key role in the maintenance and protection for tropical and subtropical marine biodiversity and a very important function in the global biogeochemical processes and climate change. Mangrove wetlands, situated between the terrestrial land and the oceans, are sensitive ecosystems not only to the physical environmental changes also to anthropogenic processes from urbanization and economic development. A rich diversity and communities of flora, fauna, and microorganisms is associated with the mangrove ecosystems and they include both visible organisms and non-visible ones of fungi, bacteria and archaea. These microorganisms play an important ecological role and function in the cycling of nutrients. Mangroves are typical marine ecosystems that are closely associated with the global climate change and can play a positive role. The survival and distribution of mangroves, to serve as an important ecological barrier along the coast, have also been affected by anthropogenic activities and global climate change. The present article reviews the impacts for global climate change on mangroves in terms of global warming, sea-level rising, atmospheric CO2concentration increasing and extreme weather. It also touches onto the important microbial geochemical processes that are linked to climate change. Archaea are also given attention due to the recent findings on their ubiquity in mangrove and their potential ecological function. The global climate change will bring great challenges and opportunities to research, maintain and development of mangroves in the future.