Geographical indications, terroir, and socioeconomic and ecological sustainability: The case of tequila
Geographical indications, terroir, and socioeconomic and ecological sustainability: The case of tequila
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jrurstud.2008.07.003
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Zapata, Ana Valenzuela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bowen, Sarah;Zapata, Ana Valenzuela
在本文中，我们使用龙舌兰酒的案例来检验地理标志对社会经济和环境可持续发展的贡献潜力。地理标志是基于地名的名称(例如，香槟、罗克福)，传达了农产品的地理起源以及文化和历史特征。龙舌兰酒的GI是墨西哥政府于1974年建立的，使其成为欧洲以外最古老的GI，也是最受认可的GI之一。在这里，我们研究龙舌兰龙舌兰酒产业对龙舌兰酒原产地阿马蒂坦镇一个社区的社会、经济和生态影响。我们表明，龙舌兰持续的过剩和短缺循环以及龙舌兰酒产业生产关系的变化导致：(1)农户的经济不安全；(2)以牺牲更多劳动密集型耕作为代价的化学品投入的增加；(3)化肥使用量的总体下降。尤其是在龙舌兰过剩的时期。我们认为龙舌兰酒产业对当地经济和环境的负面影响是由于龙舌兰酒的GI未能评估龙舌兰酒原产地的地形对其特定特性的贡献。最后，我们利用这一案例更广泛地讨论保护以地点为基础的产品(统称为地理标志)与社会和环境可持续性之间的关系。(C)2008爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
In this paper, we use the case of tequila to examine the potential for geographical indications (GIs) to contribute to socioeconomic and environmental sustainability. GIs are place-based names (e.g., Champagne, Roquefort) that convey the geographical origin, as well as the cultural and historical identity, of agricultural products. The GI for tequila was established by the Mexican government in 1974, making it the oldest GI, and one of the best-recognized, outside of Europe. Here, we examine the social, economic, and ecological impacts that the agave-tequila industry has had on one community in tequila's region of origin, the town of Amatitan. We show that persistent cycles of surplus and shortage of agave and changing production relations in the agave-tequila industry have led to: (I) economic insecurity among farm households; (2) increased use of chemical inputs, at the expense of more labor-intensive cultivation practices; and (3) overall declines in fertilizer application. especially during periods in which there is a surplus of agave. We argue that the negative effects of the agave-tequila industry on the local economy and environment are due to the failure of the GI for tequila to value the ways in which the terroir of tequila's region of origin have contributed to its specific properties. We conclude by using this case to discuss more generally the relationship between the protection of place-based products (known collectively as geographical indications) and social and environmental sustainability. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.