Smell and taste alterations in COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis of different cohorts
Smell and taste alterations in COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis of different cohorts
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DOI：
10.1002/alr.22610
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发表时间：
2020-06-25
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Mattavelli, Davide
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Paderno, Alberto;Schreiber, Alberto;Mattavelli, Davide
嗅觉（OD）和味觉（GD）功能障碍已被证实是严重急性呼吸综合征-冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV-2）感染的典型症状。然而，它们在不同患者群体中的流行情况仍需澄清。方法于2020年3月27日至4月1日在意大利北部进行横断面研究。医生对sars - cov -2阳性患者进行了基于调查的问卷调查，目的是评估症状，重点是OD和GD。研究对象分为两组：A组为布雷西亚私立大学Azianda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale医院住院患者；B组为居家隔离对象。结果共纳入508例患者：A组295例，b组213例。平均年龄+/-标准差（SD）为55 +/- 15岁；56%是男性。总体而言，56%（95%置信区间[CI]， 51%至60%）和63% （95% CI， 59%至67%）的病例存在OD和GD。在A组中，OD和GD的患病率分别为44% （95% CI， 38%至50%）和52% （95% CI， 46%至58%）。在B组，OD和GD的患病率分别为72% （95% CI, 65% ~ 79%）和79% （95% CI, 73% ~ 84%）。在整个队列中，分别有64%和60%的病例报告嗅觉和味觉完全丧失。以吸毒过量和GD为首发症状的分别占10%和11%；在其余病例中，它们发生在首次症状后平均4 +/- 3天。在问卷调查时，分别有52%和55%的病例报告OD和GD完全消退（平均持续时间为9 +/- 5天）。结论OD和GD在居家隔离人群中更为普遍，且与低龄、女性独立相关。
Background Olfactory (OD) and gustatory (GD) dysfunction have been proven to be a typical symptom of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, their prevalence in different patient populations still needs to be clarified. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed from March 27 to April 1, 2020, in Northern Italy. Physicians administered a survey-based questionnaire to SARS-CoV-2-positive patients with the aim of assessing symptoms, focusing on OD and GD. Two groups were studied: group A, patients hospitalized at Azianda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili University Hospital of Brescia; and group B, home-quarantined subjects. Results A total of 508 patients were enrolled: 295 in group A and 213 in group B. Mean age +/- standard deviation (SD) was 55 +/- 15 years; 56% were men. Overall, OD and GD were present in 56% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51% to 60%) and 63% (95% CI, 59% to 67%) of cases, respectively. In group A, the prevalence of OD and GD was 44% (95% CI, 38% to 50%) and 52% (95% CI, 46% to 58%), respectively. In group B, the prevalence of OD and GD was 72% (95% CI, 65% to 79%) and 79% (95% CI, 73% to 84%), respectively. In the entire cohort, total loss of olfaction and taste was reported in 64% and 60% of cases, respectively. OD and GD occurred as the first symptom in 10% and 11% of cases, respectively; in the remaining cases, they occurred after a mean of 4 +/- 3 days following the first symptom. At the time of the questionnaire, complete resolution of OD and GD was reported in 52% and 55% of cases, respectively (mean duration, 9 +/- 5 days in both). Conclusion OD and GD are more prevalent in home-quarantined subjects, and they are independently associated with younger age and female gender.