THE COCKTAIL PARTY PHENOMENON REVISITED - ATTENTION AND MEMORY IN THE CLASSIC SELECTIVE LISTENING PROCEDURE OF CHERRY (1953)
THE COCKTAIL PARTY PHENOMENON REVISITED - ATTENTION AND MEMORY IN THE CLASSIC SELECTIVE LISTENING PROCEDURE OF CHERRY (1953)
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.124.3.243
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发表时间：
1995-09-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
COWAN, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
WOOD, NL;COWAN, N
虽然E.C. Cherry（1953）研究了在选择性听力中对来自无关口语通道的信息的回忆，但注意与随后回忆之间的关系尚未得到充分的研究。 我们在4个实验中进行了研究，其中3个实验旨在确定一些参与者（而不是其他人）会注意到从向前到向后语音的变化的条件。 只有那些在向后讲话时将注意力转移到不相关通道的参与者后来才回忆起听到了它。在那些注意力转移的参与者中，阴影错误在改变后大约15秒达到峰值。 没有证据表明，直接或间接记忆的短语在不相关的渠道。 研究结果与注意力模型相矛盾，注意力模型指出，听者广泛地处理与任务无关的信息，而不转移阴影中使用的资源。
Though E.C. Cherry (1953) examined the recall of information from an irrelevant spoken channel in selective listening, the relationship between attention and subsequent recall still has not been examined adequately. It was examined here in 4 experiments, 3 of which were designed to identify conditions under which some participants, but not others, would notice a change from forward to backward speech. Only participants who shifted attention toward the irrelevant channel during the backward speech later recalled hearing it. In those whose attention shifted, shadowing errors peaked dramatically about 15 s after the change. There was no evidence of direct or indirect memory for phrases presented in the irrelevant channel. The results contradict models of attention stating that listeners process task-irrelevant information extensively without diverting resources used in shadowing.