Calcareous Nannofossils and Molecular Fossils in Cobalt‐rich Crusts and their Response to the P/E Global Event
Calcareous Nannofossils and Molecular Fossils in Cobalt‐rich Crusts and their Response to the P/E Global Event
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DOI：
10.1111/1755-6724.12127
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发表时间：
2013-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Zhang Hai-sheng;Zhao Jun;Han Zhengbing;Lu Bing;Wu Guang-hai;I. Pulyaeva
中科院分区：
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作者：
Zhang Hai-sheng;Zhao Jun;Han Zhengbing;Lu Bing;Wu Guang-hai;I. Pulyaeva
对西北太平洋麦哲伦海山 CM3D06 富钴铁锰结壳中的钙质超微化石进行的生物地层学研究能够估计沉积年龄。钙质超微化石和其他化石物种的生物印记表明超微化石有六个年龄范围：白垩纪晚期、古新世晚期、始新世（早、中、晚）、中新世、上新世晚期和更新世。采用气相色谱（GC）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）对富钴结壳进行检测，检测到氯仿沥青“A”、正烷烃、类异戊二烯和甾醇等多种分子化石。峰值碳和分子指数（如ΣC23−/ΣC24+、CPI、Pr/Ph、Pr/nC17、Ph/nC18和δ13C）表明母体有机质以海洋浮游植物和菌原为主，而陆地有机质输入很少。对钙质超微化石、分子化石和分子有机地球化学数据的研究表明，古新世/始新世（P/E）全球事件记录在西北太平洋富钴结壳中。在85毫米边界附近（约55 Ma）可以观察到一系列生物群落，即P/E边界以上白垩纪晚期Watznaueria barnesae和Zigodicusspiralis以及Broisoniaparka微生物群的消失，以及Coccolithus formosus、Discoaster multiradiatus、Discoaster mohleri和Discoaster sp的大量繁殖。低于边界。分子化石的典型参数，如饱和烃成分和碳数最大值、Pr/Ph、Pr/C17、Ph/C18、甾醇的分布类型、Ts/Tm比和细菌藿烷，也在P/E边界附近表现出巨大的变化。这些综合结果表明，85 mm边界附近富钴结壳中钙质超微化石的生物群落序列、分子化石的相对含量和分子指数忠实地记录了P/E全球事件
A biostratigraphic study on calcareous nannofossils from the CM3D06 Co‐rich ferromanganese crust from the Magellan seamounts in the northwestern Pacific enabled estimation of depositional age. The bio‐imprinting of calcareous nannofossils and other fossil species suggests six age ranges for the nannofossils: late Cretaceous, late Paleocene, (early, middle, late) Eocene, middle Miocene, late Pliocene, and Pleistocene. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) were used to test the Co‐rich crusts, and a variety of molecular fossils were detected, such as chloroform bituminous “A”, n‐alkane, isoprenoid and sterol. Peak carbon and molecular indices (such as ΣC23−/ΣC24+, CPI, Pr/Ph, Pr/nC17, Ph/nC18 and δ13C) indicate that the parent organic matter is dominated by marine phytoplankton and thallogen whereas there is little input of terrestrial organic matter. Researches on calcareous nannofossils, molecular fossils and molecular organic geochemistry data reveal that the Paleocene/Eocene (P/E) global event is recorded in the cobalt‐rich crusts from the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A succession of biomes can be observed near the 85 mm boundary (about 55 Ma), i.e., the disappearance of the late Cretaceous Watznaueria barnesae and Zigodicus spiralis, and Broisonia parka microbiotas above the P/E boundary, and the bloom of Coccolithus formosus, Discoaster multiradiatus, Discoaster mohleri and Discoaster sp. below the boundary. Typical parameters of molecular fossils, such as saturated hydrocarbon components and carbon‐number maxima, Pr/Ph, Pr/C17, Ph/C18, distribution types of sterols, Ts/Tm ratios and bacterial hopane, also exhibit dramatic changes near the P/E boundary. These integrated results illustrate that the biome succession of calcareous nannofossils, relative content of molecular fossils and molecular indices in the cobalt‐rich crusts near the 85 mm boundary faithfully record the P/E global event