The Functions and Reproduction of Migrant Labor: Comparative Material from Southern Africa and the United States
The Functions and Reproduction of Migrant Labor: Comparative Material from Southern Africa and the United States
复制标题
移民劳动力的功能和再生产：来自南部非洲和美国的比较材料
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1976
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
M. Burawoy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Burawoy
资本主义经济要运转，就必须维持劳动力；也就是说，工人必须获得历史规定的最低日常生活保障。它还必须更新；也就是说，空缺必须填补。农民工制度的特点是制度分化和物质分离的更新和维持过程。因此，移民劳动力需要在一个地方就业和在另一个地方的替代经济和/或国家的双重依赖。此外，这也隐含了农民工与家庭的分离。它是通过具体的法律和政治机制来执行的，这些机制管制移徙者的地域流动和对移徙者的职业流动施加限制。这些机制反过来又由于移徙工人在就业场所、劳动力市场以及在他们受雇的法律和政治制度下的无能为力而成为可能。移徙劳工制度的一个后果是将劳动力更新的某些成本外部化到另一个经济体和/或国家，而这些成本通常由雇主和/或就业国承担。这一框架被开发并应用于加利福尼亚的农场移徙工人和南非的矿山移徙工人。这两种制度之间的差异在各自社会结构的更广泛特征方面被突出和分析。最后，讨论了理论方案的含义，并将其扩展到对种族关系的解释。
For a capatalist economy to function, its labor force must be maintained; that is, workers must receive a historically determined minimal day-to-day subsistence. It must also be renewed; that is, vacancies must be filled. A system of migrant labor is characterized by the institutional differentiation and physical separation of the processes of renewal and maintenance. Accordingly, migrant labor entails a dual dependence upon employment in one place and an alternate economy and/or state in another. In addition, the separation of migrant workers from their families is implied. It is enforced through specific legal and political mechanisms which regulate geographical mobility and impose restrictions on the occupational mobility of migrants. These mechanisms in turn are made possible by the migrant workers'powerlessness in the place of employment, in the labor market, and under the legal and political systems where they are employed. One consequence of a system of migrant labor is the externalization, to an alternate economy and/or state, of certain costs of labor-force renewal-costs normally borne by the employer and/or state of employment. This framework is developed and applied to migrant farm workers in California and migrant mine workers in South Africa. The differences between the two systems are highlighted and analyzed in terms of the broader features of the respective social structures. Finally, the implications of the theoretical scheme are discussed and extended to an interpretation of race relations.