Hydrothermal synthesis as a route to mineralogically-inspired structures.
Hydrothermal synthesis as a route to mineralogically-inspired structures.
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水热合成作为矿物学结构的途径。
DOI：
10.1039/c5dt03424h
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
J. Kolis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. McMillen;J. Kolis
描述了使用高温水热反应来制备具有矿物学相关结构的晶体。复杂的天然矿物可能具有迷人的结构，并表现出重要的特征，如低维度，非中心对称性或离子通道，可以为新材料的设计合成提供极好的路标。实际的矿物，即使它们可能具有有趣的物理性质，也往往不适合研究，因为天然样品中不可避免地存在持久的杂质。相对高温下的热液流体提供了获得具有矿物状结构的结构的大的高质量单晶的途径。这使得研究物理性质，如离子传导，磁自旋挫折和非线性光学行为。水热技术的一些基本考虑因素进行了讨论的背景下，合成矿物学启发的材料。金属钒酸盐提供了令人惊讶的丰富和多样化的化合物范围，并被选择来说明这里描述的许多概念。采用高温水热合成方法，在实验室制备了一系列具有孤立单元、链和层的低维矿物类似物，并对其物理性质进行了研究。金属硅酸盐也被强调为另一个有前途的探索领域，因为它们的水热合成令人惊讶地落后于天然硅酸盐矿物的大量文献。引入异质元素，如硼来制造硼硅酸盐，似乎也为其他新材料打开了大门。这些新材料中的许多在矿物王国中有直接的等价物，而其他材料没有已知的类似物，但让人想起矿物，可以以相同的方式进行分类。从这些初步结果来看，似乎有一个非常丰富的合成矿物脉等待在实验室中使用高温热液法出土。
The use of high temperature hydrothermal reactions to prepare crystals having mineralogically-related structures is described. Complex naturally occurring minerals can have fascinating structures and exhibit important features like low dimensionality, noncentrosymmetry, or ion channels that can provide excellent guideposts for the designed synthesis of new materials. Actual minerals, even though they may have intriguing physical properties, are often unsuitable for study because of the persistent impurities inevitably present in natural samples. Hydrothermal fluids at relatively high temperatures provide access to large, high quality single crystals of structures with mineral-like structures. This enables the study of physical properties like ionic conduction, magnetic spin frustration and non-linear optical behavior. Some fundamental considerations of the hydrothermal technique are discussed in the context of synthesizing mineralogically-inspired materials. The metal vanadates provide a surprisingly rich and diversified range of compounds and are selected to illustrate many of the concepts described here. A series of low dimensional mineral analogs featuring isolated units, chains, and layers have been prepared in the laboratory as large single crystals using a high temperature hydrothermal synthetic methods, and their physical properties are under investigation. The metal silicates are also highlighted as another promising field of exploration, since their hydrothermal synthesis surprisingly lags behind the enormous literature of the natural silicate minerals. The introduction of heteroelements, such as boron to make borosilicates, appears to also open the door to additional new materials. Many of these new materials have direct equivalents in the mineral kingdom, while others have no known analogs but are reminiscent of minerals and can be classified in the same ways. From these initial results there appears to be a very rich vein of synthetic minerals waiting to be unearthed in the laboratory using the high temperature hydrothermal method.