Response to the Journal of Forestry Article: “US Forest Service Implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act: Fast, Variable, Rarely Litigated, and Declining”
Response to the Journal of Forestry Article: “US Forest Service Implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act: Fast, Variable, Rarely Litigated, and Declining”
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对《林业杂志》文章的回应：“美国林务局实施国家环境政策法案：快速、多变、很少提起诉讼且数量下降”
DOI：
10.1093/jofore/fvab027
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Erik C Berg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Todd A Morgan;M. J. Niccolucci;Erik C Berg
弗莱施曼等人。 (2020a) 关于美国林务局 (FS) 实施国家环境政策法案 (NEPA) 的文章正确地确定了 NEPA 分析数量的下降，但一些结论并未得到所使用的数据的支持。在分析了他们的数据和其他相关数据后，我们得出了截然不同的结论。使用 FS 预算数据，我们发现支持 NEPA 分析的预算持平甚至增加。同样，利用 FS 成就数据，我们发现一些 FS 土地管理活动有所增加，而其他活动则保持不变或减少。三种类型的 NEPA 分析所需的时间在统计学上存在显着差异，并且完成分析的时间在 15 年多的时间里略有下降。我们还发现，诉讼率因 NEPA 分析类型、资源用途和 FS 区域的不同而存在很大差异。进行 NEPA 分析是联邦土地管理的必要步骤。然而，投资于 NEPA 分析的资源代表了机会成本，FS 的成功最好通过实地成就而不是 NEPA 分析的数量来衡量。
国家森林系统 (NFS) 土地的管理需要国家环境政策法案 (NEPA) 分析。林务局 (FS) 投入了大量精力进行 NEPA 分析，并且在针对 NFS 管理活动的诉讼中使用 NEPA 分析的情况已有详细记录。土地管理者和公众需要准确了解 FS 如何实施 NEPA。最近《林业杂志》上一篇关于 NEPA 的文章假设 NFS 预算和土地管理活动随着 NEPA 分析的数量而减少。相比之下，FS 的数据显示 (1) NFS 预算一直持平到增加，(2) 一些 NFS 成就一直持平到增加，(3) 完成 NEPA 分析的时间因分析类型而异，(4) FS 完成 NEPA 分析所需的时间在过去 15 年中几乎没有下降，(5) NEPA 分析的诉讼因分析类型、FS 区域和资源用途而异。尽管进行环境分析是联邦土地管理的必要步骤，但完成 NEPA 分析并不能替代完成实地管理活动，并且投资于 NEPA 分析的资源对 FS 来说是一种机会成本。
The Fleischman et al. (2020a) article on US Forest Service (FS) implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) correctly identified a decline in the number of NEPA analyses, but several conclusions were not supported by the data used. After analyzing their and other relevant data, we reached substantially different conclusions. Using FS budget data, we found budgets supporting NEPA analyses to be flat to increasing. Likewise, using FS accomplishment data, we found several FS land-management activities increased as others remained flat or decreased. The three types of NEPA analyses took statistically significant different times to complete, and time to complete analyses declined little over 15 years. We also found that litigation rates varied substantially by NEPA analysis type, resource purpose, and FS region. Conducting NEPA analyses is a necessary step in federal land management. However, resources invested in NEPA analyses represent an opportunity cost, and the success of the FS is better measured by on-the-ground accomplishments rather than number of NEPA analyses produced.
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) analyses are required for management of National Forest System (NFS) lands. The Forest Service (FS) devotes substantial effort to conducting NEPA analyses, and the use of NEPA analyses in litigation against NFS management activities is well documented. Land managers and the public need an accurate understanding of how the FS is implementing NEPA. A recent Journal of Forestry article about NEPA assumed that NFS budgets and land management activities declined with the number of NEPA analyses. By contrast, data from the FS shows (1) NFS budgets have been flat to increasing, (2) several NFS accomplishments have been flat to increasing, (3) the time to complete a NEPA analysis varies substantially by the type of analysis, (4) the amount of time the FS takes to complete NEPA analyses has declined very little over the past 15 years, and (5) litigation of NEPA analyses varies by the type of analysis, FS region, and resource purposes. Although conducting environmental analysis is a necessary step in federal land management, completing NEPA analyses is not a substitute for accomplishing on-the-ground management activities, and resources invested in NEPA analyses represent an opportunity cost to the FS.
美国林务局实施《国家环境政策法案》：快速、多变、很少提起诉讼且数量下降
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Fleischman, Forrest;Struthers, Cory;Arnold, Gwen;Dockry, Mike;Scott, Tyler
通讯作者：
Scott, Tyler