Using Instructional Design Process to Improve Design and Development of Internet Interventions
Using Instructional Design Process to Improve Design and Development of Internet Interventions
复制标题
DOI：
10.2196/jmir.1890
复制
发表时间：
2012-05-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Kinzie, Mable B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hilgart, Michelle M.;Ritterband, Lee M.;Kinzie, Mable B.
鉴于互联网的广泛覆盖和广泛功能，它越来越多地被用于提供全面的行为和心理健康干预和预防方案。他们的目标是改变用户行为，减少不必要的并发症或症状，改善健康状况和健康相关的生活质量。互联网干预已被发现有效地解决了广泛的行为和心理健康问题，包括失眠，尼古丁依赖，肥胖，糖尿病，抑郁和焦虑。尽管存在许多基于互联网的干预措施，但很少有研究为其设计和发展提供信息。一个互联网干预中的行为改变模型已经发布，以帮助指导未来的互联网干预发展，并帮助预测和解释通过使用互联网干预的行为改变和症状改善结果。一个论点是在一个科学的框架内接地互联网干预的发展。为此，该模型突出了许多与设计相关的组件、领域和元素，包括用户特征、环境、干预内容、干预支持水平和目标结果。然而，需要更多的讨论，关于如何设计的方案，应制定解决这些问题。虽然很少有研究的设计和开发的互联网干预，有一个丰富的，相关的文献在教学设计（ID）领域，可用于通知互联网干预的发展。ID模型是描述教学计划的规划、实施和评估所涉及的一系列活动的规定性模型。使用ID过程模型已被证明可以在广泛的背景下提高学习计划的有效性。ID模型指定了一种系统的方法来评估学习者（干预用户）的需求，以确定当前知识和行为之间的差距，以及期望的结果。通过参与性学习过程，设计者注重学习者的需求，同时考虑到他们的先前知识;制定可衡量的学习目标或绩效要求;评估学习者实现目标成果的情况;并采用持续形成性评价周期，以确保干预措施满足所有利益攸关方的需求。ID过程为教学计划的设计提供了一种行之有效的方法，应被视为创建互联网干预措施的一个组成部分。通过为设计和制定互联网干预措施提供一个框架，并有目的地关注这些方面以及支持这些做法的基本理论，理论和干预措施本身都可以继续得到完善和改进。通过使用互联网干预的行为改变模型，沿着最好的研究，以指导设计实践和告知发展，互联网干预的开发人员将提高他们实现预期结果的能力。
Given the wide reach and extensive capabilities of the Internet, it is increasingly being used to deliver comprehensive behavioral and mental health intervention and prevention programs. Their goals are to change user behavior, reduce unwanted complications or symptoms, and improve health status and health-related quality of life. Internet interventions have been found efficacious in addressing a wide range of behavioral and mental health problems, including insomnia, nicotine dependence, obesity, diabetes, depression, and anxiety. Despite the existence of many Internet-based interventions, there is little research to inform their design and development. A model for behavior change in Internet interventions has been published to help guide future Internet intervention development and to help predict and explain behavior changes and symptom improvement outcomes through the use of Internet interventions. An argument is made for grounding the development of Internet interventions within a scientific framework. To that end, the model highlights a multitude of design-related components, areas, and elements, including user characteristics, environment, intervention content, level of intervention support, and targeted outcomes. However, more discussion is needed regarding how the design of the program should be developed to address these issues. While there is little research on the design and development of Internet interventions, there is a rich, related literature in the field of instructional design (ID) that can be used to inform Internet intervention development. ID models are prescriptive models that describe a set of activities involved in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of instructional programs. Using ID process models has been shown to increase the effectiveness of learning programs in a broad range of contexts. ID models specify a systematic method for assessing the needs of learners (intervention users) to determine the gaps between current knowledge and behaviors, and desired outcomes. Through the ID process, designers focus on the needs of learners, taking into account their prior knowledge; set measurable learning objectives or performance requirements; assess learners' achievement of the targeted outcomes; and employ cycles of continuous formative evaluation to ensure that the intervention meets the needs of all stakeholders. The ID process offers a proven methodology for the design of instructional programs and should be considered an integral part of the creation of Internet interventions. By providing a framework for the design and development of Internet interventions and by purposefully focusing on these aspects, as well as the underlying theories supporting these practices, both the theories and the interventions themselves can continue to be refined and improved. By using the behavior change model for Internet interventions along with the best research available to guide design practice and inform development, developers of Internet interventions will increase their ability to achieve desired outcomes.