Neuronal activity of histaminergic tuberomammillary neurons during wake-sleep states in the mouse
Neuronal activity of histaminergic tuberomammillary neurons during wake-sleep states in the mouse
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2341-06.2006
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发表时间：
2006-10-04
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Sakai, Kazuya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takahashi, Kazumi;Lin, Jian-Sheng;Sakai, Kazuya
单独使用细胞外单单位记录并结合神经生物素细胞旁标记和组胺免疫组织化学，我们首次在非麻醉、头部受限的小鼠中鉴定出下丘脑后部结节乳头核中的组胺神经元。它们的特点都是三相广泛的动作电位。它们只在清醒时活跃，而且它们的活动与高度警惕有关。在清醒状态下，它们会表现出缓慢（< 10 Hz）的强直性、重复性、不规则放电模式。他们的活动在不同的清醒状态下有所不同，在安静清醒时最低，在主动清醒时中等，在专注清醒时最高。它们在脑电图同步（睡眠的脑电图标志（困倦状态））开始之前的安静清醒期间停止放电，并在慢波睡眠和矛盾（或快速眼动）睡眠期间保持沉默。在从睡眠到清醒的过渡期间，它们表现出明显的放电延迟，或者如果动物没有完全警觉，则在相同的过渡期间保持静止。如果刺激没有引起明显的警觉状态，它们要么对唤醒刺激做出长时间延迟反应，要么不做出反应。这些数据支持这样的观点，即组胺能结节乳头神经元的活动发挥着重要作用，其本身不是在诱导觉醒中，而是在维持认知过程所需的高度警惕方面。相反，停止活动可能在睡眠的启动和维持中发挥重要作用。
Using extracellular single-unit recordings alone and in combination with neurobiotin juxtacellular labeling and histamine immunohistochemistry, we have identified, for the first time in nonanesthetized, head-restrained mice, histamine neurons in the tuberomammillary nuclei of the posterior hypothalamus. They are all characterized by triphasic broad action potentials. They are active only during wakefulness, and their activity is related to a high level of vigilance. During waking states, they display a slow (< 10 Hz) tonic, repetitive, irregular firing pattern. Their activity varies in the different waking states, being lowest during quiet waking, moderate during active waking, and highest during attentive waking. They cease firing during quiet waking before the onset of EEG synchronization, the EEG sign of sleep (drowsy state), and remain silent during slow-wave sleep and paradoxical (or rapid eye movement) sleep. They exhibit a pronounced delay in firing during transitions from sleep to wakefulness or remain quiescent during the same transitions if the animals are not fully alert. They either respond with a long delay, or do not respond, to an arousing stimulus if the stimulus does not elicit an overt alert state. These data support the view that the activity of histaminergic tuberomammillary neurons plays an important role, not in the induction of wakefulness per se, but in the maintenance of the high level of vigilance necessary for cognitive processes. Conversely, cessation of their activity may play an important role in both the initiation and maintenance of sleep.