Exploring data forwarding with Bluetooth for participatory crowd monitoring
Exploring data forwarding with Bluetooth for participatory crowd monitoring
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DOI：
10.1109/percomw.2019.8730711
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发表时间：
2019-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Groba;T. Springer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Groba;T. Springer
渐进式人群监测基于人群中的人共享的位置数据来估计人群的大小和动态。在大型活动中，这些小而频繁的上传与人群的社交网络活动争夺带宽，导致传输错误和长时间延迟。在对等网络中转发收集的数据允许捆绑该数据并将上传任务分配给几个选定的对等体。然而，在现代电话上，由于移动的操作系统的严格限制，对等点发现和联网具有挑战性。本文展示了如何通过蓝牙宣布内部状态转换，使同行对齐他们的操作，并适应带宽限制，不准确的时间，有限的后台活动，和空闲时间等问题。在Android手机上的实验表明，对于一小部分手机来说，所提出的协议工作可靠，并显着减少了网络基础设施的使用。随着数据延迟和能量消耗在可接受的范围内，该协议提出了一个可行的解决方案，当网络过载将人群监测数据的风险，不能及时交付。
Participatory crowd monitoring estimates the size and dynamics of a crowd based on position data shared by people in the crowd. At large-scale events, these small but frequent uploads compete for bandwidth with the crowd's social networking activities causing transmission errors and long delays. Forwarding collected data within a peer-to-peer network allows for bundling that data and assigning the upload task to a few selected peers. On modern phones, however, peer discovery and networking is challenging due to tight restrictions of mobile operating systems. This paper shows how the announcement of internal state transitions via Bluetooth enables peers to align their operations and to accommodate for issues such as bandwidth restrictions, inexact timing, limited background activity, and idle times. Experiments on Android phones show that already for a small set of phones the proposed protocol works reliably and significantly reduces the use of the networking infrastructure. With the data delay and energy consumption in acceptable bounds, the protocol presents a viable solution for when network overload puts crowd monitoring data at risk of not being delivered in a timely manner.