The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis.
The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis.
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DOI：
10.1038/ijo.2015.84
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发表时间：
2015-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Frost G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Byrne CS;Chambers ES;Morrison DJ;Frost G
在过去的20年里，人们对胃肠道对食欲调节的影响越来越感兴趣。大部分的焦点都集中在胃肠道和大脑之间的神经和激素关系上。现在有越来越多的证据表明，结肠微生物区系及其代谢活动在能量动态平衡中起着重要作用。底物对结肠微生物区系的供应对微生物种群及其产生的代谢物，特别是短链脂肪酸(SCFA)有重大影响。当不可消化的碳水化合物，即膳食纤维和抗性淀粉，经过结肠微生物区系发酵时，会产生单链脂肪酸。据报道，摄入可发酵的碳水化合物和服用单链脂肪酸都能带来广泛的健康益处，包括改善身体成分、葡萄糖稳态、血脂状况以及降低体重和结肠癌风险。然而，已发表的研究倾向于报告可发酵碳水化合物和单链脂肪酸对特定组织和代谢过程的影响，而没有解释这些局部影响如何转化为全身影响和减轻疾病风险。此外，研究倾向于集体调查超临界脂肪酸，而忽视报告与个别超临界脂肪酸相关的影响。在这里，我们汇集了最近的证据，并建议了SCFA对其有益方面之一的影响的总体模型：食欲调节和能量平衡。
Over the last 20 years there has been an increasing interest in the influence of the gastrointestinal tract on appetite regulation. Much of the focus has been on the neuronal and hormonal relationship between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. There is now mounting evidence that the colonic microbiota and their metabolic activity have a significant role in energy homeostasis. The supply of substrate to the colonic microbiota has a major impact on the microbial population and the metabolites they produce, particularly short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are produced when non-digestible carbohydrates, namely dietary fibres and resistant starch, undergo fermentation by the colonic microbiota. Both the consumption of fermentable carbohydrates and the administration of SCFAs have been reported to result in a wide range of health benefits including improvements in body composition, glucose homeostasis, blood lipid profiles and reduced body weight and colon cancer risk. However, published studies tend to report the effects that fermentable carbohydrates and SCFAs have on specific tissues and metabolic processes, and fail to explain how these local effects translate into systemic effects and the mitigation of disease risk. Moreover, studies tend to investigate SCFAs collectively and neglect to report the effects associated with individual SCFAs. Here, we bring together the recent evidence and suggest an overarching model for the effects of SCFAs on one of their beneficial aspects: appetite regulation and energy homeostasis.