Swiss Value of Travel Time Savings
Swiss Value of Travel Time Savings
复制标题
瑞士节省旅行时间的价值
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Axhausen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Axhausen
瑞士是第一个开始对旅行时间节约价值(VTTS)进行官方研究的德语国家。这项研究的背景是在瑞士公路局(Bundesamt fŸr Strassen)(见www.nistra.ch)赞助的更广泛的可持续性分析的背景下，制定官方的成本效益准则。本文报告了作者为这项研究所做的工作，特别强调了调查工作和建模经验中通常报道较少的那些要素：从原始RP样本到SP受访者的样本开发、选择语境的选择、SP的最终措辞、VTTS作为模型规范的函数的稳定性。这项研究的抽样框架是瑞士联邦铁路公司正在进行的一项关于瑞士人口出行行为的调查。在主要研究中，在2300名受访者的样本中，51%的人回复了(发出了两份提醒)。预测试表明，只有路线和模式选择实验才能产生可靠的结果，而基于目的地选择的实验返回的结果与合理的预期不一致。预试还表明，不同旅行时间要素的呈现方式对回答有很大影响。主要的研究样本表明，一些较富有的男性的比例过高，他们的使用量和对公共交通的承诺高于平均水平。我们将报告选择性分析和回复速度的分析。我们还将报告删除回答不一致的受访者的结果。广泛的规格搜索表明，VTTS估计对纳入描述受访者行为惯性的变量以及对旅行距离和受访者收入非常敏感。这些模型包括随机参数公式和距离和收入的非线性弹性公式。他们是使用Biogeme估计的，Biogeme是M.Bierlaire开发的高级选择模型估计器。我们将描述不同SP实验的估计结果的顺序，并结合欧洲最近的经验对它们进行解释。就平均小时工资率而言，建议的平均VTTS值相对较低(在所有目的中约为30%)，但显示出因收入和出行距离的不同而有很大差异。
Switzerland was the first German speaking country to initiate an official study of the value of travel time savings (VTTS). The context of the study is the development of an official cost-benefit guideline in the context of a wider sustainability analysis sponsored by the Swiss Highway Agency (Bundesamt fŸr Strassen) (see www.nistra.ch). The paper reports the work undertaken by the authors for this study with a special emphasis on those elements of the survey work and modelling experience which are often less well reported: sample development from the original RP sample to the respondents of the SP, selection of the choice contexts, final wording of the SP, stability of the VTTS as a function of the model specifications. The sampling frame of the study was an on-going survey by the Swiss Federal Railroads on the travel behaviour of the Swiss population. In the main study 51% of the sample of 2300 respondents replied (two reminders were issued). The pre-tests had shown that only the route and mode choice experiments produced reliable results, while a destination choice based experiment returned results inconsistent with reasonable expectations. The pre-tests also showed that the presentation of the different travel time elements had a strong impact on the responses. The main study sample indicated some over-representation of wealthier males with a higher than average usage and commitment to public transport. We will report the selectivity analysis and an analysis of the reply speeds. We will also report the results of removing answers of respondents who answered inconsistently. The extensive specification search indicated a substantial sensitivity of the VTTS estimates to the inclusion of variables describing the behavioural inertia of the respondents and to trip distance and respondent income. The models included random parameter formulations and non-linear elasticity formulations for distance and income. They were estimated using Biogeme, an advanced choice model estimator developed by M. Bierlaire. We will describe the sequence of estimation results for the different SP experiments and interpret them against the background of recent European experiences. The recommended mean VTTS values are comparatively low in terms of average hourly wage rates (about 30% across all purposes), but show a substantial variation by income and trip distance.