The conditioned eyelid reaction
The conditioned eyelid reaction
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DOI：
10.1037/h0074822
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发表时间：
1922-06-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cason, H
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文献类型：
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作者：
Cason, H
由于眼睑的反应在某种程度上可能是自愿控制的，因此将受试者对听觉刺激作出眨眼反应的速度与接受条件反射刺激和由此产生的眼睑反射之间的时间进行比较，假设后者的时间比前者快，那么该人就处于非自愿控制的反应中。时间是用Bergström计时器测量的，计时器与观察者眼睑上的薄铝杆电连接。基本刺激包括来自感应线圈的电流，施加于第三脑神经的一个分支，这种方式最有效地激发了盖子反射；继电器的咔哒声作为听觉条件反射刺激。用于计算结果的数据是通过测量在训练前后，在有和没有听觉刺激的情况下，对电击眨眼的速度，以及在没有听觉刺激的情况下对听觉刺激眨眼的速度。对大多数实验对象来说，眼睑对声音的条件反射比自发反应要快得多。例如，一个受试者的平均自愿反应时间为263.6西格玛，而条件反应时间为144.3西格玛。实验过程表明，用于条件反射刺激的声音强度应刚好低于训练开始时自然反射眨眼的阈值。有一些证据表明，当条件反射刺激出现在基本刺激之后，就不能建立反射。摘自《心理通报》19:12:00913。（PsycINFO数据库记录(c) 2016 APA，版权所有）
Since the eyelid reaction may be controlled voluntarily to some extent, the speed with which a subject was able to wink in response to an auditory stimulus was compared with the time which elapsed between the reception of a conditioning stimulus and the resultant eyelid reflex, the assumption being that if the time of the latter is faster than the former, one is in the presence of a reaction not voluntarily controlled. The time was measured with a Bergström chronoscope which was electrically connected with a thin aluminum lever attached to the observer's eyelid. The fundamental stimulus consisted of a current from an induction coil applied to a branch of the third cranial nerve in such a manner as to bring out most effectively the lid reflex; the click of a relay served as an auditory conditioning stimulus. The data used in working up the results were obtained from measurements of the speed of winking to the shock, with and without the auditory stimulus, and to the auditory stimulus with the shock eliminated, both before and after the training period. With most subjects it was possible to secure conditioned reflexes of the eyelid to sound which were considerably faster than voluntary reactions. For one subject, eg, the average voluntary reaction time was 263.6 sigma, whereas the conditioned reaction time was 144.3 sigma. The experimental procedure indicated that the intensity of a sound used for a conditioning stimulus should be just below the threshold of the natural reflex wink at the beginning of the training period. There is some evidence for believing that a reflex cannot be established when the conditioning stimulus comes after the fundamental stimulus. From Psych Bulletin 19: 12: 00913.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)