UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title An optical leaky wave antenna with Si perturbations inside a resonator for enhanced optical control of the radiation-猫眼课题宝

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2012

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S. Campione;C. Guclu;Q. Song;O. Boyraz;F. Capolino

研究了具有半导体微扰的硅基光学漏波天线(OLWA)在1550 nm处的定向辐射。我们通过可见波长625 nm的光激发，研究了这些半导体微扰中的辐射图样与物理尺寸、微扰次数和载流子密度的关系。在这一详细的理论研究中，我们展示了微扰吸收的泵浦功率、在波导中引导的信号和通过泄漏的辐射之间的关系。为了克服硅中过量载流子产生对辐射强度的有限控制，我们提出了一种将OLWA与法布里-珀罗谐振腔(FPR)集成在一起的新设计。对超宽带天线的辐射增强性能进行了分析和数值研究，推导出了超宽带天线边缘LW反射的闭合公式。讨论了直接漏波和反射漏波在共振腔中的建设性辐射和破坏性辐射。文中的结果显示了辐射的3分贝变化，为进一步的优化和理论发展铺平了道路。2012年美国光学学会OCIS编码：(230.7390)平面波导；(050.6624)亚波长结构；(050.2230)法布里-佩罗。参考文献和链接1.P.Ghenuche、S.Cherukulappuath、T.H.Taminiau、N.F.van Hulst和R.Quidant，《共振等离子体纳米天线的光谱模式映射》，Phys。莱特牧师。101(11)，116805(2008年)。2.R.L.Olmon、P.M.Krenz、A.C.Jones、G.D.Boreman和M.B.Raschke，《中红外光学天线模式的近场成像》，Opt.快讯16(25)，20295-20305(2008年)。3.Q.Song，Q.Q.Qian，E.K.Tien，I.Tomov，J.Meyer，X.Z.Sang，O.Boyraz，《硅在绝缘体波导上的成像》，应用.太棒了。让我们来吧。94(23)，231101(2009年)。4.Q.Song，S.Campione，O.Boyraz和F.Capolino，“硅基窄波束辐射光学漏波天线”，Opt.快线19(9)，8735-8749(2011)。5.A.A.Oliner，《漏波天线》，载于《天线工程手册》，R.C.Johnson主编。(麦格劳·希尔，1993)。6.D.R.Jackson和A.A.Oliner，“漏波天线”，载于“现代天线手册”，C.A.巴拉尼斯编。(Wiley，2008)，325-367。7.D.R.Jackson、J.Chen、R.Qiang、F.Capolino和A.A.Oliner，《泄漏等离子激元波在通过亚波长孔径的定向光束中的作用》，Opt。快递16(26)，21271-21281(2008年)。8.K.Van Acoleyen、W.BogAerts、J.Jágerská、N.Le Thomas、R.Houdré和R.Baets，“芯片外波束控制与绝缘体上硅上的一维光学相控阵”，Opt.让我们来吧。34(9)，1477-1479(2009)。9.E.K.Tien、X.Z.Sang、庆辉、宋启强和O.Boyraz，《使用硅中交叉相位调制的超快脉冲特性》，应用1。太棒了。让我们来吧。95(5)，051101(2009年)。10.A.Gondarenko，J.S.Levy和M.Lipson，“高限制微米级氮化硅高Q环谐振器”，Opt.快递17(14)，11366-11370(2009年)。11.施善明、吴建国，半导体器件物理(Wiley，2006)。2012年6月11日收到#170258美元；2012年8月18日修订；2012年8月20日承兑；2012年9月4日出版(C)2012OSA 2012年9月10日第20卷第19期/Optics Express 21305 12.O.Boyraz，X.Sang，E.Tien，Q.Song，F.Qian，M.Akdas，《基于硅的光脉冲整形和表征》，Proc.SPIE 7212、72120U、72120U-13(2009)。13.D.Dimitropoulos、R.Jhaveri、R.Claps、J.C.S.Woo和B.Jalali，《绝缘体上硅脊形波导中光生载流子的寿命》，应用.太棒了。让我们来吧。86(7)，071115(2005年)。14.Y.Dan，K.Seo，K.Takei，J.H.Meza，A.Javey，和K.B.Crozier，《通过硅纳米线的原位表面钝化显著减少表面复合》，Nano Lett。11(6)，2527-2532(2011)。15.T.Dittrich、T.Bitzer、T.Rada、V.Y.Timoshenko和J.Rappich，《重构硅表面的非辐射复合》，固态电子。46(11)，1863-1872(2002)。16.F.M.Schuurmann，A.Schonecker，J.A.Eikelom，和W.C.Sinke，《氮化硅钝化硅片表面复合速度的晶体取向依赖性》，1996年光伏专家会议，第25届IEEE会议记录(1996)，第485-488页。17.S.Paulotto、P.Baccarelli、F.Frezza和D.R.Jackson，“一种在1D周期性印刷漏波天线中抑制开放阻带的新技术”，IEEE汇刊。安腾。普罗帕格。57(7)，1894-1906(2009)。

We investigate the directive radiation at 1550 nm from an optical leaky wave antenna (OLWA) with semiconductor perturbations made of silicon (Si). We study the radiation pattern dependence on the physical dimensions, number of perturbations and carrier densities in these semiconductor perturbations through optical excitations at a visible wavelength, 625 nm. In this detailed theoretical study we show the correlation between the pump power absorbed in the perturbations, the signal guided in the waveguide and the radiation through leakage. To overcome the limited control of the radiation intensity through excess carrier generation in Si, we present a new design with the OLWA integrated with a Fabry-Pérot resonator (FPR). We provide analytical and numerical studies of the enhanced radiation performance of the OLWA antenna inside the FPR, and derive closed-form formulas accounting for LW reflection at the edges of the FPR. A discussion on the constructive and destructive radiation by the direct and reflected leaky waves in the FPR resonator is provided. Results shown in this paper exhibit 3 dB variation of the radiation and pave the way for further optimization and theoretical developments. ©2012 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (230.7390) Waveguides, planar; (050.6624) Subwavelength structures; (050.2230) Fabry-Pérot. References and links 1. P. Ghenuche, S. Cherukulappurath, T. H. Taminiau, N. F. van Hulst, and R. Quidant, “Spectroscopic mode mapping of resonant plasmon nanoantennas,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101(11), 116805 (2008). 2. R. L. Olmon, P. M. Krenz, A. C. Jones, G. D. Boreman, and M. B. Raschke, “Near-field imaging of optical antenna modes in the mid-infrared,” Opt. Express 16(25), 20295–20305 (2008). 3. Q. Song, F. Qian, E. K. Tien, I. Tomov, J. Meyer, X. Z. Sang, and O. Boyraz, “Imaging by silicon on insulator waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(23), 231101 (2009). 4. Q. Song, S. Campione, O. Boyraz, and F. Capolino, “Silicon-based optical leaky wave antenna with narrow beam radiation,” Opt. Express 19(9), 8735–8749 (2011). 5. A. A. Oliner, “Leaky-wave antennas,” in Antenna Engineering Handbook, R. C.Johnson, ed. (McGraw Hill, 1993). 6. D. R. Jackson and A. A. Oliner, “Leaky-wave antennas,” in Modern Antenna Handbook, C. A. Balanis, ed. (Wiley, 2008), 325–367. 7. D. R. Jackson, J. Chen, R. Qiang, F. Capolino, and A. A. Oliner, “The role of leaky plasmon waves in the directive beaming of light through a subwavelength aperture,” Opt. Express 16(26), 21271–21281 (2008). 8. K. Van Acoleyen, W. Bogaerts, J. Jágerská, N. Le Thomas, R. Houdré, and R. Baets, “Off-chip beam steering with a one-dimensional optical phased array on silicon-on-insulator,” Opt. Lett. 34(9), 1477–1479 (2009). 9. E. K. Tien, X. Z. Sang, F. Qing, Q. Song, and O. Boyraz, “Ultrafast pulse characterization using cross phase modulation in silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(5), 051101 (2009). 10. A. Gondarenko, J. S. Levy, and M. Lipson, “High confinement micron-scale silicon nitride high Q ring resonator,” Opt. Express 17(14), 11366–11370 (2009). 11. S. M. Sze and K. K. Ng, Physics of Semiconductor Devices (Wiley, 2006). #170258 $15.00 USD Received 11 Jun 2012; revised 18 Aug 2012; accepted 20 Aug 2012; published 4 Sep 2012 (C) 2012 OSA 10 September 2012 / Vol. 20, No. 19 / OPTICS EXPRESS 21305 12. O. Boyraz, X. Sang, E. Tien, Q. Song, F. Qian, and M. Akdas, “Silicon based optical pulse shaping and characterization,” Proc. SPIE 7212, 72120U, 72120U–13 (2009). 13. D. Dimitropoulos, R. Jhaveri, R. Claps, J. C. S. Woo, and B. Jalali, “Lifetime of photogenerated carriers in silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(7), 071115 (2005). 14. Y. Dan, K. Seo, K. Takei, J. H. Meza, A. Javey, and K. B. Crozier, “Dramatic reduction of surface recombination by in situ surface passivation of silicon nanowires,” Nano Lett. 11(6), 2527–2532 (2011). 15. T. Dittrich, T. Bitzer, T. Rada, V. Y. Timoshenko, and J. Rappich, “Non-radiative recombination at reconstructed Si surfaces,” Solid-State Electron. 46(11), 1863–1872 (2002). 16. F. M. Schuurmans, A. Schonecker, J. A. Eikelboom, and W. C. Sinke, “Crystal-orientation dependence of surface recombination velocity for silicon nitride passivated silicon wafers,” in Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 1996., Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE(1996), 485–488. 17. S. Paulotto, P. Baccarelli, F. Frezza, and D. R. Jackson, “A novel technique for open-stopband suppression in 1D periodic printed leaky-wave antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag. 57(7), 1894–1906 (2009).

UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title An optical leaky wave antenna with Si perturbations inside a resonator for enhanced optical control of the radiation

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