Characterizing curtailed and uneconomic renewable power in the mid-continent independent system operator
Characterizing curtailed and uneconomic renewable power in the mid-continent independent system operator
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描述中部大陆独立系统运营商的可再生能源削减和不经济的特征
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Chaojie Zhang
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作者：
A. Chien;Fan Yang;Chaojie Zhang
随着电网纳入风能和太阳能等可再生能源发电量的增加，其变化性给电网稳定性和效率带来了越来越大的挑战。我们研究两个方面：电网无法接受的电力（限电），以及被电网赋予零经济价值的电力（负价或零价格）。我们将这些滞留电力统称为 SP。我们研究了中部大陆独立系统运营商 (MISO) 的搁浅电力，描述了数量和时间结构。首先，MISO 电网 99% 的时间都可以使用滞留电力，并且间隔时间通常 >100 小时，具有典型的季节和时间模式。平均滞留功率通常超过 1 GW，占空比高达 30%。 MISO 约 30% 的风力发电被搁浅。对前 10 个站点的检查显示，滞留功率可高达 70% 的占空比和 250 MW。过去 3.5 年的趋势表明，电力搁浅是一种持续存在的现象。该研究描述了利用搁浅电力的机会。我们考虑使用储能来提高滞留电力的利用率。对于一系列功率水平和均匀分布的存储，增加 5 小时的存储会使占空比翻倍，达到 4 MW 的 30%，但接下来的 15% 增加还需要 95 小时。在 4 MW 且存储 50 小时的情况下，200 个站点中只有 3 个达到 100% 的占空比，接下来的 10 个站点需要 100 小时。更高的功率水平需要数百小时。前 10 个站点的存储效率更高，5 小时可将 4 MW 的占空比提高到 70%，但进一步存储的效益会逐渐减弱。对存储电量的研究表明，分配到最佳站点比均匀分配具有 2 至 3.7 倍的优势。
As power grids incorporate increased renewable generation such as wind and solar, their variability creates growing challenges for grid stability and effciency. We study two facets: power that the grid is unable to accept (curtailment), and power that is assigned zero economic value by the grid (negative or zero price). Collectively we term these stranded power or SP. We study stranded power in the Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO), characterizing quantity and temporal structure. First, stranded power is available in the MISO grid 99% of the time, and often in intervals >100 hours, with characteristic seasonal and time-of-day patterns. Average stranded power often exceeds 1 GW, with duty factors as high as 30%. About 30% of all wind generation in MISO is stranded. Examination of the top 10 individual sites shows stranded power can be as high as 70% duty factor and 250 MW. Trends over the past 3.5 years suggest stranded power is a persistent phenomenon. The study characterizes opportunities to exploit stranded power. We consider using energy storage to increase the utility of stranded power. For a range of power levels and uniformly-distributed storage, adding 5 hours of storage doubles duty factor to 30% at 4 MW, but another 95 hours is required for the next 15% increase. At 4 MW with 50 hours of storage, only 3 of 200 sites reach 100% duty factor, and with 100 hours required for the next 10 sites. Higher power levels require 100’s of hours. Storage at the top 10 sites is more productive, 5 hours increases duty factor to 70% at 4 MW, but further storage has diminishing benefits. Studies of the amount of power served by storage show that distribution to the best sites provides 2 to 3.7-fold advantages over uniform distribution.