Morphological and Biochemical Diversity of Dalmatian Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch. Bip.)
Morphological and Biochemical Diversity of Dalmatian Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch. Bip.)
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发表时间：
2009-06
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通讯作者：
M. Grdiša;K. Carović-Stanko;I. Kolak;Z. Šatović
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作者：
M. Grdiša;K. Carović-Stanko;I. Kolak;Z. Šatović
摘要 达尔马提亚除虫菊（Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.）是属于菊科的多年生草本植物。它是亚得里亚海东海岸的特有种，其自然栖息地从意大利延伸到阿尔巴尼亚北部，一直延伸到克罗地亚、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那以及黑山的山区。除虫菊花可产生一种重要的杀虫剂——除虫菊酯。除虫菊酯主要集中在紧密排列的花头内种子表面的油腺中，但也可以在植物的其他部分中找到，但浓度要低得多。除虫菊素以六种杀虫剂活性成分的组合形式存在：除虫菊素 I、辛菊酯 I、茉莉素 I、除虫菊素 II、辛菊酯 II 和茉莉素 II，其中除虫菊酯 I 和除虫菊酯 II 的浓度较高。除虫菊酯对哺乳动物和其他蠕虫血动物无毒，在光、氧、水和高温下不稳定，因此具有高度生物降解性。由于它对环境安全，它是有机农业系统中的主要杀虫剂。关于达尔马提亚除虫菊的大多数科学工作都集中在其与育种相关的形态和生化特征上。育种计划主要侧重于提高单位面积除虫菊酯的产量。相对于干花重量，花头含有大部分除虫菊酯。克罗地亚野生种群的除虫菊酯含量约为 0.60% 至 0.79%，而澳大利亚和肯尼亚育种计划中的克隆则含有高达 3.0% 的除虫菊酯。
Summary Dalmatian pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is endemic to the East coast of the Adriatic Sea and its natural habitat extends from Italy to northern Albania and up in the mountainous regions of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. Pyrethrum fl owers yield an important insecticide, the pyrethrin. Pyrethrin is mainly concentrated in oil glands on the surface of the seed inside the tightly packed fl ower head, but they can also be found in the other plant parts, however in much lower concentrations. Th e pyrethrin exist as a combination of six insecticide active ingredients: pyrethrin I, cinerin I, jasmolin I, pyrethrin II, cinerin II and jasmolin II, with pyrethrin I and pyrethrin II present in higher concentrations. Pyrethrin is non-toxic to mammals and other worm-blooded animals, it is unstable in light, oxygen, water and at elevated temperatures and therefore highly biodegradable. Due to the fact it is environmentally safe it is leading insecticide in organic farming systems. Th e most scientifi c work concerning Dalmatian pyrethrum was focused on its morphological and biochemical traits that are relevant in breeding. Breeding programmes are primarily focused on increasing the yield of pyrethrin per unit area. Relative to dry fl ower weight, fl ower heads contain the majority of the pyrethrin. Croatian wild populations contain approximately 0.60 to 0.79 %, while clones in breeding programmes of Australia and Kenya contain up to 3.0 % of pyrethrin.