Anti-Poverty Policies in Brazil: Reviewing the Past Ten Years
Anti-Poverty Policies in Brazil: Reviewing the Past Ten Years
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巴西反贫困政策：回顾过去十年
DOI：
10.1177/0020852304046202
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Andrews
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Andrews
本文回顾了20世纪90年代初至21世纪初巴西实施的主要反贫困政策。这些政策包括有重点的和普遍的政策--如教育和医疗保健--以及农村发展，这是一种“中间地带”政策。虽然市际联合体是一种新的制度安排，将城市聚集在一起，但它已成为一种很有前途的政策执行工具，但反贫困政策在执行中遇到了困难。不同方案之间缺乏协调，甚至在同一政策领域内也是如此，这削弱了它们的有效性。因此，以向贫困家庭进行货币转移为基础的补偿性方案已经成为巴西反贫困政策的主要类型，这些方案面临的执行问题较少。尽管存在这些缺点，巴西的一个小州--圣卡塔琳娜州--在短短十年内就将贫困人口数量减少了46%。这是一个迹象，表明与贫困作斗争毕竟是一项可行的努力。
This article reviews the main anti-poverty policies implemented in Brazil from the early 1990s to the early 2000s. These include focused and universal policies — such as education and health care — as well as the rural development, a ‘middle ground’ policy. Though the inter-municipal consortium, a new institutional arrangement gathering municipalities together, has emerged as a promising policy implementation tool, anti-poverty policies have faced implementation difficulties. Lack of coordination between different programs, even within the same policy area, has impaired their effectiveness. As a consequence, compensatory programs, based on monetary transfers to poor families, which face fewer implementation problems, have become the dominant type of anti-poverty policies in Brazil. Despite these shortcomings, a small Brazilian state, Santa Catarina, was able to reduce by 46 percent the number of individuals living in poverty in just ten years. This is a sign that fighting poverty can, after all, be a feasible endeavor.