Endogone, one of the oldest plant-associated fungi, host unique Mollicutes-related endobacteria
Endogone, one of the oldest plant-associated fungi, host unique Mollicutes-related endobacteria
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DOI：
10.1111/nph.13136
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Bonfante, Paola
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Desiro, Alessandro;Faccio, Antonella;Bonfante, Paola
球囊菌门一直被认为是最古老的一类真菌能够积极与植物相互作用多年。最近，其他基础真菌，内生毛霉亚门真菌，已被确定为新的植物共生体，挑战的范式球囊菌作为独特的祖先共生体的陆地植物。已知球囊菌门（Glomeromycota）是内细菌的宿主，并且最近的证据表明一些毛霉亚门（Mucoromycotina）也含有内细菌。为了研究植物相关真菌的基础群体之间的相似性，我们测试了内生菌是否含有内生细菌。研究了29种内生菌，以鉴定柔膜菌相关内生菌（Mre）。子实体进行了处理，透射电子显微镜和分子研究使用真菌和MRE特异性引物。我们证明，MRE是存在于13内的29个内生菌：内细菌直接嵌入在真菌细胞质和它们的16S rDNA序列簇在一起的检索Glomeromycota，形成，但是，一个单独的新的分支。我们的研究结果提供了新的见解Glomeromycota，Mucoromycotina和内生细菌之间的进化关系，提出了新的问题，这些仍然是谜微生物在生态，进化和多样化的真菌宿主在植物真菌共生的历史。
Glomeromycota have been considered the most ancient group of fungi capable of positively interacting with plants for many years. Recently, other basal fungi, the Endogone Mucoromycotina fungi, have been identified as novel plant symbionts, challenging the paradigm of Glomeromycota as the unique ancestral symbionts of land plants. Glomeromycota are known to host endobacteria and recent evidences show that also some Mucoromycotina contain endobacteria. In order to examine similarities between basal groups of plant-associated fungi, we tested whether Endogone contained endobacteria. Twenty-nine Endogone were investigated in order to identify Mollicutes-related endobacteria (Mre). Fruiting bodies were processed for transmission electron microscopy and molecularly investigated using fungal and Mre-specific primers. We demonstrate that Mre are present inside 13 out of 29 Endogone: endobacteria are directly embedded in the fungal cytoplasm and their 16S rDNA sequences cluster together with the ones retrieved from Glomeromycota, forming, however, a separate new clade. Our findings provide new insights on the evolutionary relations between Glomeromycota, Mucoromycotina and endobacteria, raising new questions on the role of these still enigmatic microbes in the ecology, evolution and diversification of their fungal hosts during the history of plant-fungal symbiosis.