Urban Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, and Applications
Urban Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, and Applications
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DOI：
10.1145/2629592
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Yang, Hai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zheng, Yu;Capra, Licia;Yang, Hai
城市化的快速发展使许多人的生活现代化，但也带来了交通拥堵、能源消耗和污染等大问题。城市计算旨在通过使用城市中产生的数据(例如，交通流量、人员流动性和地理数据)来解决这些问题。城市计算将城市感知、数据管理、数据分析和服务提供连接成一个循环过程，以悄悄地持续改善人们的生活、城市运营系统和环境。城市计算是一个交叉学科领域，计算机科学在城市空间的背景下与传统的城市相关领域相遇，如交通、土木工程、环境、经济、生态和社会学。本文首先介绍了城市计算的概念，从计算机科学的角度讨论了城市计算的总体框架和面临的主要挑战。其次，我们将城市计算的应用分为城市规划、交通、环境、能源、社会、经济、公共安全和安保等七大类，并在每一类中呈现了具有代表性的场景。第三，将城市计算中需要的典型技术归纳为城市感知、城市数据管理、跨异质数据的知识融合和城市数据可视化四大类。最后，我们对城市计算的未来进行了展望，提出了一些社区中不知何故缺失的研究主题。
Urbanization's rapid progress has modernized many people's lives but also engendered big issues, such as traffic congestion, energy consumption, and pollution. Urban computing aims to tackle these issues by using the data that has been generated in cities (e.g., traffic flow, human mobility, and geographical data). Urban computing connects urban sensing, data management, data analytics, and service providing into a recurrent process for an unobtrusive and continuous improvement of people's lives, city operation systems, and the environment. Urban computing is an interdisciplinary field where computer sciences meet conventional city-related fields, like transportation, civil engineering, environment, economy, ecology, and sociology in the context of urban spaces. This article first introduces the concept of urban computing, discussing its general framework and key challenges from the perspective of computer sciences. Second, we classify the applications of urban computing into seven categories, consisting of urban planning, transportation, the environment, energy, social, economy, and public safety and security, presenting representative scenarios in each category. Third, we summarize the typical technologies that are needed in urban computing into four folds, which are about urban sensing, urban data management, knowledge fusion across heterogeneous data, and urban data visualization. Finally, we give an outlook on the future of urban computing, suggesting a few research topics that are somehow missing in the community.