Deceiving the elderly: Effects of accessibility bias in cued-recall performance
Deceiving the elderly: Effects of accessibility bias in cued-recall performance
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DOI：
10.1080/026432999380861
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发表时间：
1999-05-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Jacoby, LL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacoby, LL
两个实验检验了错误信息范式中与年龄相关的差异。年轻和年老的参与者学习了一系列相关的单词（如床单），然后进行了一个线索回忆测试（“床s_ee_”作为回忆“床单”的线索）。每次试验前都会短暂地呈现一个“启动”刺激。在一致性试验中，启动词是来自学习（表格）的目标词，而在不一致性试验中，启动词是一个相关的词，是一个合理的反应，但不是目标（睡眠）。在基线试验中，质数是一串&号。当被强迫做出反应时（实验1），年轻人和老年人都表现出对启动词的反应的偏见，尽管老年人表现出更大的错误记忆效应，这是通过相对于基线试验的更高的不一致错误回忆来衡量的。当给出通过的选项时（见图2），年长的参与者继续对启动词表现出很大的偏见，而年轻的参与者在无法回忆起目标词时倾向于通过。结果是根据可及性偏见来解释的，它影响猜测，是独立于回忆的反应的基础。讨论的重点是研究与年龄相关的偏见和回忆的变化以及这些变化的神经相关性的重要性。
Two experiments examined age-related differences in a misinformation paradigm. Young and elderly participants studied a list of related word pairs (e.g. bed sheet) and were then given a cued-recall test ("bed s_ee_" presented as cues for recall of "sheet"). A "prime" stimulus was presented briefly before each test trial. On congruent trials the prime was the target word from study (sheet) whereas on incongruent trials the prime was a related word that was a plausible response but not the target (sleep). On baseline trials, the prime was a string of ampersands. When forced to respond (Expt. 1), both young and elderly participants demonstrated a bias to respond with the prime word, although the elderly showed a larger false memory effect as measured by higher false recalls on incongruent relative to baseline trials. When given the option to pass (Expt. 2), elderly participants continued to exhibit a large bias toward the prime word whereas young participants tended to pass when they were unable to recall the target. Results are interpreted in terms of an accessibility bias, which influences guessing and is a basis of responding independent of recollection. Discussion focuses on the importance of studying age-related changes in bias and recollection along with neural correlates of these changes.