Cellular function and molecular structure of ecto-nucleotidases
Cellular function and molecular structure of ecto-nucleotidases
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DOI：
10.1007/s11302-012-9309-4
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Straeter, Norbert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zimmermann, Herbert;Zebisch, Matthias;Straeter, Norbert
胞外核苷酸酶在嘌呤信号传递中起着关键作用。它们水解细胞外核苷酸，因此可以控制它们在嘌呤能P2受体的可用性。它们通过质膜的核苷转运蛋白产生细胞外核苷用于细胞再摄取和补救。形成的细胞外腺苷作为嘌呤能P1受体的激动剂。它们还可以产生和水解细胞外无机焦磷酸盐，这在骨矿化的控制中具有重要意义。本文综述并比较了四类主要的外核苷酸酶：外核苷酸三磷酸二磷酸水解酶、外核苷酸-5 '-核苷酸酶、外核苷酸焦磷酸酶/磷酸二酯酶和碱性磷酸酶。直到最近，基于晶体结构，关于空间结构和催化机制的详细信息已成为这四个外核苷酸酶家族的成员。这允许它们的催化机制的详细预测和单个酶组之间的比较。该评论侧重于酶的主要生化，细胞生物学，催化和结构特性，并提供简要的参考组织分布，生理和病理生理功能。
Ecto-nucleotidases play a pivotal role in purinergic signal transmission. They hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides and thus can control their availability at purinergic P2 receptors. They generate extracellular nucleosides for cellular reuptake and salvage via nucleoside transporters of the plasma membrane. The extracellular adenosine formed acts as an agonist of purinergic P1 receptors. They also can produce and hydrolyze extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate that is of major relevance in the control of bone mineralization. This review discusses and compares four major groups of ecto-nucleotidases: the ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases, ecto-5'-nucleotidase, ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases, and alkaline phosphatases. Only recently and based on crystal structures, detailed information regarding the spatial structures and catalytic mechanisms has become available for members of these four ecto-nucleotidase families. This permits detailed predictions of their catalytic mechanisms and a comparison between the individual enzyme groups. The review focuses on the principal biochemical, cell biological, catalytic, and structural properties of the enzymes and provides brief reference to tissue distribution, and physiological and pathophysiological functions.