Coping and the biosocial consequences of food insecurity in the 21st century
Coping and the biosocial consequences of food insecurity in the 21st century
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.22161
复制
发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Crooks, Deborah L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hadley, Craig;Crooks, Deborah L.
当家庭所有成员都能可靠地获得足够数量和质量的食物，以保持积极和健康的生活方式时，就有了粮食安全。鉴于食物对人类的重要生物和社会价值，食物和食物充足一直是生物人类学家的传统研究课题。然而，对粮食不安全的关注是在过去二十年中出现的，最近的全球事件，包括2007/2008年的粮食危机，使人们重新关注粮食不安全和福祉问题。在这里，我们回顾了当前和新的粮食安全威胁，目前的思想测量和定义，然后概述了一个模型，粮食不安全的应对策略，然后到健康的结果。我们认为，应对策略通常是特定的上下文，可以是食物和非食物为基础的。我们进一步认为，应对策略可能会影响健康相当广泛，而不仅仅是通过营养途径。然后，我们审查现有的数据之间的关系，粮食不安全和营养状况，慢性病，传染病和心理健康。我们的审查强调了粮食不安全对人类福祉的深远影响，但其影响也存在相当大的差异，我们对粮食不安全影响健康的途径的经验知识有限。最后，我们提出了生物人类学家如何为我们加深对粮食不安全和人类健康和福祉的理解做出贡献的想法。《美国物理人类学杂志》，2012年。(C)2012 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Food security occurs when all members of a household have reliable access to food in sufficient quantity and quality to maintain an active and healthy lifestyle. Given the important biological and social value of food for humans, food and food sufficiency have been traditional topics of study among biological anthropologists. The focus on food insecurity, however, has emerged within the past two decades and recent global events, including the food crisis of 2007/2008, have led to renewed interests in the topic of food insecurity and wellbeing. Here, we review current and novel threats to food security, current thinking on measurement and definitions, and then outline a model that links food insecurity to coping strategies and then to health outcomes. We suggest that coping strategies are typically context-specific and can be food and nonfood based. We further suggest that coping strategies may impact health quite broadly, not just through nutritional pathways. We then review available data on the relationship between food insecurity and nutritional status, chronic diseases, infectious diseases, and mental health. Our review highlights the far reaching consequences of food insecurity for human wellbeing but also the considerable variability in its effect and our limited empirical knowledge of the pathways through which food insecurity impacts health. We conclude by offering thoughts on how biological anthropologists might contribute to growing our understanding of food insecurity and human health and wellbeing. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.