Combining indoor and outdoor methods for controlling malaria vectors: an ecological model of endectocide-treated livestock and insecticidal bed nets.
Combining indoor and outdoor methods for controlling malaria vectors: an ecological model of endectocide-treated livestock and insecticidal bed nets.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12936-017-1748-5
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发表时间：
2017-03-13
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Lines J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yakob L;Cameron M;Lines J
疟疾由蚊子传播，人们越来越认识到蚊子的叮咬行为多种多样。特定环境中的蚊子如何对不同的血液宿主物种作出反应在很大程度上尚不清楚，但对于病媒控制效果至关重要。提出了一种简约的数学模型，可以解释各种宿主叮咬行为，并评估其对将长效杀虫网（LLIN）与疟疾控制新方法相结合的影响：用杀虫化合物（“杀虫剂”）治疗牲畜，杀死叮咬的蚊子。疟疾控制计划的模拟显示，不同叮咬生态系统中，LLIN 作为独立工具以及 LLIN 与经过杀虫剂处理的牛相结合的功效存在显着差异。在 LLIN 大规模运动之间的间隔期间，一致使用杀虫剂预计将减少疟疾流行率的反弹，这种反弹可能是由于 LLIN 功效随着时间的推移而减弱，特别是如果替代运动被推迟的话。整合这些方法还可以极大地提高局部消除的可能性；针对具有不同叮咬生态的疟疾病媒，提供了实现这一目标所需的杀内虫治疗方案。通过用杀虫剂治疗牲畜来瞄准吸血蚊子，为以 LLIN 分发为中心的现有疟疾控制计划提供了潜在的有用补充。这种方法可能对具有广泛宿主偏好和叮咬行为的媒介有效，但严格嗜人性的物种除外，即使人类比非人类宿主更难获得血液，大多数血粉也会被摄入人类身上。在设定采用这种新方法和组合的目标之前，下一步至关重要的一步是确定野生蚊子种群中的这种功能关系，并确定其在物种内部和物种之间的差异程度。本文的在线版本 (doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1748-5) 包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Malaria is spread by mosquitoes that are increasingly recognised to have diverse biting behaviours. How a mosquito in a specific environment responds to differing availability of blood-host species is largely unknown and yet critical to vector control efficacy. A parsimonious mathematical model is proposed that accounts for a diverse range of host-biting behaviours and assesses their impact on combining long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) with a novel approach to malaria control: livestock treated with insecticidal compounds (‘endectocides’) that kill biting mosquitoes. Simulations of a malaria control programme showed marked differences across biting ecologies in the efficacy of both LLINs as a stand-alone tool and the combination of LLINs with endectocide-treated cattle. During the intervals between LLIN mass campaigns, concordant use of endectocides is projected to reduce the bounce-back in malaria prevalence that can occur as LLIN efficacy decays over time, especially if replacement campaigns are delayed. Integrating these approaches can also dramatically improve the attainability of local elimination; endectocidal treatment schedules required to achieve this aim are provided for malaria vectors with different biting ecologies. Targeting blood-feeding mosquitoes by treating livestock with endectocides offers a potentially useful complement to existing malaria control programmes centred on LLIN distribution. This approach is likely to be effective against vectors with a wide range of host-preferences and biting behaviours, with the exception of species that are so strictly anthropophilic that most blood meals are taken on humans even when humans are much less available than non-human hosts. Identifying this functional relationship in wild mosquito populations and ascertaining the extent to which it differs, within as well as between species, is a critical next step before targets can be set for employing this novel approach and combination. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1748-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.