Gender Differences and Psychopathological Features Associated With Addictive Behaviors in Adolescents
Gender Differences and Psychopathological Features Associated With Addictive Behaviors in Adolescents
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00256
复制
发表时间：
2017-12-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Janiri, Luigi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Di Nicola, Marco;Ferri, Vittoria Rachele;Janiri, Luigi
背景：本研究的目的是评估青少年成瘾行为（物质相关和非物质相关）的患病率和性别差异，以及它们与精神病理特征和学习成绩的关系。材料和方法：对意大利高中生样本（n = 996; M = 240, F = 756）进行自我报告调查，调查内容涉及社会人口学特征、吸烟、饮酒和物质使用、认知学习成绩、活动和行为（互联网使用、赌博和体育锻炼）。通过网络成瘾测试、南橡树赌博屏幕修订青少年和运动成瘾清单-短表来识别问题行为。采用Barratt青少年冲动量表、Snaith-Hamilton快乐量表、青少年分离体验量表和多伦多述情障碍量表进行心理病理维度的研究。结果：频繁饮酒和终生物质消费在男性中更为常见。其他成瘾行为在有问题的网络使用中发生率为22.1% (M = F)，在危险/有问题的赌博中发生率为9.7% (M = F)，在不适应的体育锻炼中发生率为6.2% （M = F）。我们还发现与物质/非物质相关的成瘾行为与精神病理维度之间存在关联。上瘾行为在学习成绩差的学生中更为常见。结论：我们的研究表明，在意大利高中生样本中，成瘾行为的患病率相关，且存在特定的性别差异。我们强调了药物和非药物成瘾行为的共同发生，以及它们与学习成绩较差的关系。解离倾向、快感缺乏、述情障碍和冲动与青少年的成瘾行为有关，可能是成年期精神障碍发展的脆弱因素。更好地了解与成瘾行为相关的精神病理特征可能有助于预防/早期干预。
Background: The aims of the study were to assess prevalence and gender differences of addictive behaviors (substance- and non-substance-related) in an adolescent population, and their association with psychopathological features and academic performance.Material and methods: A sample of high school Italian students (n = 996; M = 240, F = 756) was examined using a self-report survey concerning sociodemographic characteristics, cigarette smoking, alcohol and substance use, perceived academic performance, activities, and behaviors (Internet use, gambling, and physical exercising). The Internet Addiction Test, the South Oaks Gambling Screen-revised Adolescent, and the Exercise Addiction Inventory-Short Form were administered to identify problematic behaviors. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale for Adolescent, the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, the Dissociative Experience Scale for Adolescent, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale were used to investigate psychopathological dimensions.results: Frequent alcohol intake and lifetime substances consumption were more common among males. The occurrence of other addictive behaviors was 22.1% for problematic Internet use (M = F), 9.7% for at-risk/problematic gambling (M > F), and 6.2% for maladaptive physical exercise (M = F). We also found an association between substance-/non-substance-related addictive behaviors and psychopathological dimensions. Addictive behaviors were more frequent among students reporting poor school performance.conclusion: Our study showed a relevant prevalence of addictive behaviors in a sample of Italian high school students, with specific gender differences. We underlined the cooccurrence of substance and non-substance-related addictive behaviors, and their association with worse school performance. Dissociative proneness, anhedonia, alexithymia, and impulsivity were associated with addictive behaviors in adolescents and might represent vulnerability factors for the development of psychiatric disorders in adulthood. A better understanding of psychopathological features associated with addictive behaviors might be useful for the prevention/early intervention.