Beyond the Ballot: Immigrant Collective Action in Gateways and New Destinations in the United States
Beyond the Ballot: Immigrant Collective Action in Gateways and New Destinations in the United States
复制标题
选票之外：美国门户和新目的地的移民集体行动
DOI：
10.1525/sp.2010.57.4.529
复制
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Kim Ebert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dina G. Okamoto;Kim Ebert
大多数试图理解移民政治融入的研究都集中在选举参与和公民身份获得的模式上。鉴于美国近60%的外国出生人口由非公民组成，我们认为，以往的研究忽略了移民政治融入过程的一个重要方面。在这篇文章中，我们超越了投票，记录了移民抗议的模式，并对传统门户和新目的地发生移民组织的条件进行了分析。除了政治机会和资源，我们认为，加强移民和原住民之间的群体界限的条件--我们所说的边界标志--应该在鼓励移民发展共同的少数群体地位并代表更大的群体提出集体主张方面发挥重要作用。使用障碍模型，我们使用一个新的数据集来测试我们的理论想法，该数据集包括美国52个大都市地区的200多起移民抗议事件。我们的结果挑战了过去关于移民动员的研究，因为我们发现，更多地获得正式的政治和经济融合的包容性背景既阻碍并促进了移民组织，而边界标志--这里衡量的是威胁和隔离--往往鼓励移民抗议。
Most studies that attempt to understand immigrant political incorporation focus on patterns of electoral participation and citizenship acquisition. Given that nearly 60 percent of the foreign-born population in the United States is comprised of noncitizens, we argue that past studies miss an important dimension of the immigrant political incorporation process. In this article, we move beyond the ballot by documenting patterns of immigrant protest and conducting an analysis of the conditions under which immigrant organizing occurs in traditional gateways and new destinations. In addition to political opportunities and resources, we argue that conditions heightening group boundaries between immigrants and natives—what we call boundary markers—should play an important role in encouraging immigrants to develop a shared minority status and make collective claims on behalf of the larger group. Using hurdle models, we test our theoretical ideas with a new data set comprised of over 200 immigrant protest events in 52 metropolitan areas across the United States. Our results challenge past studies of immigrant mobilization because we find that inclusionary contexts characterized by greater access to formal political and economic incorporation both hinder and facilitate immigrant organizing, while boundary markers—measured here as threats and segregation—tend to encourage immigrant protest.