T-cell egress from the thymus: Should I stay or should I go?
T-cell egress from the thymus: Should I stay or should I go?
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DOI：
10.1002/jlb.1mr1217-496r
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发表时间：
2018-08
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Anderson G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
James KD;Jenkinson WE;Anderson G
携带αβTCR的T细胞在防御宿主抵抗外来病原体和自身恶性转化中起着至关重要的作用。重要的是，T细胞需要对宿主自身的细胞和组织保持耐受性，以防止可能导致自身免疫性疾病的自身反应性反应。T细胞通过在胸腺中成熟期间经历高度选择性和严格的发育程序来实现自我/非自我辨别的能力。该器官的独特之处在于其支持T细胞发育计划的能力，该计划确保在外周T细胞库中建立功能多样的αβTCR库。胸腺通过含有异质细胞类型的特化基质微环境实现这一点，其组织和功能支持其在发育的各个阶段培养、支持和筛选不同胸腺细胞亚群的能力。这些阶段的范围从早期T细胞祖细胞进入胸腺，直到αβTCR库的阳性和阴性选择。胸腺髓质作为T细胞耐受和新产生的T细胞进入外周的重要性已经得到充分证实。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前的知识发生在胸腺αβT细胞发育的发育途径。此外，我们专注于调节胸腺出口的机制，并有助于用新选择的自身耐受αβT细胞接种外周组织。综述胸腺微环境对胸腺细胞成熟和成熟自身耐受T细胞排出的调节。
T‐cells bearing the αβTCR play a vital role in defending the host against foreign pathogens and malignant transformation of self. Importantly, T‐cells are required to remain tolerant to the host's own cells and tissues in order to prevent self‐reactive responses that can lead to autoimmune disease. T‐cells achieve the capacity for self/nonself discrimination by undergoing a highly selective and rigorous developmental program during their maturation in the thymus. This organ is unique in its ability to support a program of T‐cell development that ensures the establishment of a functionally diverse αβTCR repertoire within the peripheral T‐cell pool. The thymus achieves this by virtue of specialized stromal microenvironments that contain heterogeneous cell types, whose organization and function underpins their ability to educate, support, and screen different thymocyte subsets through various stages of development. These stages range from the entry of early T‐cell progenitors into the thymus, through to the positive and negative selection of the αβTCR repertoire. The importance of the thymus medulla as a site for T‐cell tolerance and the exit of newly generated T‐cells into the periphery is well established. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the developmental pathways that take place during αβT‐cell development in the thymus. In addition, we focus on the mechanisms that regulate thymic egress and contribute to the seeding of peripheral tissues with newly selected self‐tolerant αβT‐cells. Review on thymic microenvironments regulation of thymocyte maturation and egress of mature self‐tolerant T cells.