河南栾川龙泉洞遗址2011年发掘报告
河南栾川龙泉洞遗址2011年发掘报告
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
王晶
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作者：
杜水生;周立;庞海娇;李璇;王晶
2011年由杜水胜、周礼、庞海娇、李煊、望京等人所著。龙泉洞是旧石器时代早期遗址，距今42,000-31,000年。BP。这个遗址从上到下有三层。地层1为现代角砾岩沉积或为粉砂土，地层2为31000~35000BP的褐红色粘土的主要文化层，地层3在36000~42000BP的黄色粉砂中出土少量文物。出土石制品512件，此外还有动物化石464件，其中牙齿159件，3厘米及以上骨骼305件。这些动物包括大型食草动物，如犀牛、水牛、马鹿、梅花鹿、山猫、绵羊，以及大型食肉动物，如老虎、豹、马鹿。此外，还有一些小型食肉动物，如狐狸、黄鼠狼，以及杂食性动物，如猪、熊、啮齿动物和鱼类。此外，还发现了一件骨器和两个重叠的壁炉。在对该遗址遗迹进行分析的基础上，龙泉洞人改变了对石英原料的工作方式，从锤击到两极技术。它在一定程度上解释了周口店从一地兴盛到十五地衰落的两极技术，也为中国北部旧石器时代文化的分期和分区研究提供了重要资料。该场地可明显划分为活动区和垃圾区。这里的人们可以捕猎大型食草动物成熟动物。此外，他们不仅可以有效地控制和管理壁炉，还可以通过加热的石头来加热食物。通过对唯一正式的骨器的分析，这种骨器被认为不同于早期的断骨器，也不同于旧石器晚期的上洞和小竹山的磨骨器，而与福建泛川洞的骨器相似，后者主要是通过刮削技术生产的。这种骨器在非洲、西亚、欧洲的出现，通常标志着现代人的出现。结合中国南部出土的现代人化石，认为中国南部和东南亚的现代人及其行为的出现和适应方式可能与中国北部和东北亚地区的现代人及其行为的适应方式不同。关键词：河南滦川，龙泉洞，旧石器晚期早期，壁炉和炉渣，形制骨器，现代行为。
LUANCHUAN, HENAN, CHINA IN 2011.by.Du Shuisheng, Zhou li, Pang Haijiao, Li xuan and Wangjing.The Longquan cave is an early Upper Paleolithic site, dating to 42,000-31,000 cal. BP. This site had three strata from upper to lower. Stratum 1 was modern deposit with breccia or is abeling silt soil; Stratum 2 was the main cultural layer in brownish red clay dating to 31,000-35,000BP; Stratum 3 unearthed a few cultural relics in yellow silt dating to 36,000-42,000BP. There were 512 pieces of lithic products unearthed, In addition, there were 464 pieces of fauna fossils, including 159 pieces of teeth and 305 pieces of bones in 3cm or more. The animals included large-scaled herbivore animals such as rhinoceros, buffalos, wapiti, spotted deers, muntjacs, sheep, and large-scaled carnivore animals such as tigers, leopards, coursers. In addition, there were some small-scaled carnivore animals such as foxes, weasels, and omnivore animals such as pigs, bears and rodents and fishes. Moreover, there was a bone tool and two overlapped fireplaces discovered..Based on the analysis on remains from this site, Longquan cave people changed the work mode on the quartz raw material from hammer knapping to bipolar technique. It explained the bipolar technique from the prosperous at Locality 1 to decline at Locality 15 in Zhoukoudian in some certain, also it supplied important material on studying periodization and subregions on the Paleolithic cultures in Northern China. This site could be obviously divided into activity zone and rubbish zone. And the people here could hunter large-scaled herbivore mature animals. In addition, they not only could efficiently control and manage the fireplace but also could heat food through the heated stones..According to the analysis on the only one formal bone tool, this bone tool was regarded different from the knapped bone tools in early period, or the ground bone tools from Upper cave and Xiaozhushan dating to the Upper Paleolithic Period, but similar with the bone tools from Fanchuandong in Fujian which was mainly produced by scraping technique. The emergence of this type of bone tools in Africa, West Asia, Europe, normally marked the emergence of modern human being. Combined with the fossils of the modern human unearthed from Southern China, it was considered that the emergence of the modern human and their behavior in Southern China and Southeast Asia and the adaption mode might have been different from those in Northern China and Northeast Asia..Key words: Henan Luanchuan, Longquandong, early Upper Paleolithic Period, fireplace and scoria，formal bone tool, modern behavior.