Off-the-Shelf Gaze Interaction
Off-the-Shelf Gaze Interaction
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现成的凝视互动
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Javier San Agustin
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文献类型：
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作者：
Javier San Agustin
患有严重运动技能残疾的人通常无法使用标准输入设备（如鼠标或键盘）来控制计算机，因此他们强烈需要替代输入设备。凝视跟踪为他们提供了使用眼睛运动与计算机交互的可能性，从而使他们更加独立。为了提高该技术的鲁棒性和准确性，人们付出了很大的努力，现在市场上有许多商业系统。尽管在过去的几年里，视线跟踪系统已经有了很大的改进，但高昂的价格阻止了视线交互成为主流。使用专用硬件，如工业相机或红外光源，提高了系统的准确性，但也提高了价格，这使得许多潜在用户无法获得该技术。此外，不同的组件通常需要放置在特定的位置，或者内置在监视器中，从而降低了设置的灵活性。由低成本和现成组件构建的凝视跟踪系统有可能促进技术的获取并降低价格。这样的系统通常更灵活，因为组件可以放置在不同的位置，但由于缺乏对硬件设置的控制以及与商业系统相比组件的质量较低，因此也不太鲁棒。为这篇论文开发的工作涉及一些使用低成本和现成的组件凝视互动所带来的挑战。主要贡献如下：国际电联凝视跟踪器的开发和性能评估，这是一种离线凝视跟踪器，使用廉价的网络摄像头或摄像机跟踪用户的眼睛。该软件是开源的，提供了以低廉的价格尝试凝视交互的可能性，并通过修改源代码来分析，改进和扩展软件。一种基于平面间单应映射的视线估计新方法。无需了解硬件配置，可灵活设置，将摄像头和光源放置在任何位置。
People with severe motor-skill disabilities are often unable to use standard input devices such as a mouse or a keyboard to control a computer and they are, therefore, in strong need for alternative input devices. Gaze tracking offers them the possibility to use the movements of their eyes to interact with a computer, thereby making them more independent. A big effort has been put toward improving the robustness and accuracy of the technology, and many commercial systems are nowadays available in the market. Despite the great improvements that gaze tracking systems have undergone in the last years, high prices have prevented gaze interaction from becoming mainstream. The use of specialized hardware, such as industrial cameras or infrared light sources, increases the accuracy of the systems, but also the price, which prevents many potential users from having access to the technology. Furthermore, the different components are often required to be placed in specific locations, or are built into the monitor, thus decreasing the flexibility of the setup. Gaze tracking systems built from low-cost and off-the-shelf components have the potential to facilitate access to the technology and bring the prices down. Such systems are often more flexible, as the components can be placed in different locations, but also less robust, due to the lack of control over the hardware setup and the lower quality of the components compared to commercial systems. The work developed for this thesis deals with some of the challenges introduced by the use of low-cost and off-the-shelf components for gaze interaction. The main contributions are: Development and performance evaluation of the ITU Gaze Tracker, an off-theshelf gaze tracker that uses an inexpensive webcam or video camera to track the user’s eye. The software is readily available as open source, offering the possibility to try out gaze interaction for a low price and to analyze, improve and extend the software by modifying the source code. A novel gaze estimation method based on homographic mappings between planes. No knowledge about the hardware configuration is required, allowing for a flexible setup where camera and light sources can be placed at any location.