Judgments of natural and anomalous trajectories in the presence and absence of motion.
Judgments of natural and anomalous trajectories in the presence and absence of motion.
复制标题
在存在和不存在运动的情况下对自然和异常轨迹的判断。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.11.1-4.795
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Anderson,K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaiser,MK;Proffitt,DR;Anderson,K
最近的研究表明，当被要求预测物体的轨迹时，许多人表现出对运动的错误信念。本实验研究人们是否可以选择正确的自然轨迹异常的实际进行中的事件（运动条件）或静态表示的事件（无运动条件）时。McCloskey的弯管问题被用作事件。结果表明，成年人受益于这些刺激中的运动信息，在运动条件下更经常地选择正确的路径。在这两种情况下，男性的表现都比女性好;这种性别效应不能归因于物理学的正式教学。只有在静止状态下，人们才会选择反映动力运动模式的路径。一些妇女在运动条件下选择曲线路径，而在无运动条件下，曲线路径是她们最常选择的选择。五年级的儿童表现出没有影响的性别和他们的路径偏好类似的成年男性。儿童的反应未能表现出对曲线路径的偏好，这反映了基于动力的解决问题的方法。成年人在无运动条件下的表现并没有通过使用事件的心理意象的指示来增强。
Recent studies have shown that many people demonstrate erroneous beliefs about motion when asked to predict the trajectories of objects. The present experiments examine whether people can select as correct natural trajectories over anomalous ones when presented with the actual on-going event (motion condition) or static representations of the event (no-motion condition). McCloskey’s curved tube problem was used as the event. Results indicate that adults benefit from the motion information in these stimuli, choosing the correct path more often in the motion condition. Men performed better than women in both conditions; this gender effect could not be attributed to formal instruction in physics. Only in the no-motion condition did any men prefer a path which reflected an impetus model of motion. Some women chose a curvilinear path in the motion condition, and in the no-motion condition the curvilinear path was their most often selected alternative. Fifth-grade children demonstrated no effect for gender and their path preferences resembled those of adult males. Children’s responses failed to demonstrate a preference for those curvilinear paths which reflect an impetus-based approach to the problem. Adults’ performance in the no-motion condition was not enhanced by instructions to employ mental imagery of the event.