Microbial diversity in the marine sponge Aplysina cavernicola (formerly Verongia cavernicola) analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
Microbial diversity in the marine sponge Aplysina cavernicola (formerly Verongia cavernicola) analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
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DOI：
10.1007/s002270050562
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发表时间：
1999-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Hentschel, U
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friedrich, AB;Merkert, H;Hentschel, U
我们用电子显微镜方法(扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜)记录了与海绵Aplysina cavernicola(前身为Verongia cavernicola，蠕形藻纲)相关的微生物群落。鉴定出五种优势细菌类型，其中三种与Vaclet(1975)最初描述的形态类型相似。一种细菌类型具有Planctomyces属特有的形态特征。此外，还观察到寄主细胞核内的形态均一的细菌。利用针对已知细菌群的荧光标记的rRNA探针进行原位杂交，评估了中胚层细菌的系统发育关系。可以看出，绝大多数中生菌属于GC含量较低的域菌。在细菌中，三角洲变形杆菌最丰富，其次是伽马变形杆菌和类杆菌的代表。GC含量高的革兰氏阳性细菌集群也一直存在于低数量的细菌中。未用针对古生菌、α-和β-变形杆菌以及细胞吞噬/黄杆菌簇的特异探针获得杂交信号。这项研究首次描述了使用16S rRNA探针和原位杂交的“自上而下的方法”来评估海绵中的微生物多样性。
We have employed electronmicroscopical methods (SEM, TEM) to document the microbial community associated with the marine sponge Aplysina cavernicola (formerly Verongia cavernicola, class Demospongiae). Five dominant bacterial types were identified, three of which resemble the morphotypes originally described by Vacelet (1975). One bacterial type possesses morphological properties that are characteristic of the genus Planctomyces. In addition, morphologically uniform bacteria which reside inside the nuclei of host cells were observed. Using in situ hybridization with fluorescently labelled rRNA probes directed against known bacterial groups, the phylogenetic affiliation of the mesohyl bacteria was assessed. It could be shown that the vast majority of mesohyl bacteria belongs to the domain Bacteria with a low GC content. Among the Bacteria, the delta-Proteobacteria were most abundant, followed by the gamma-Proteobacteria and representatives of the Bacteroides cluster. Clusters of Gram-positive bacteria with a high GC content were also found consistently in low amounts. No hybridization signal was obtained with probes specific to the domain Archaea, to the alpha- and beta-Proteobacteria and to the Cytophaga/Flavobacterium cluster. This study describes for the first time the application of the "top-to-bottom approach" using 16S rRNA probes and in situ hybridization to assess the microbial diversity in Aplysina sponges.