The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Informality and Wages: Evidence from Mexico
The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Informality and Wages: Evidence from Mexico
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贸易自由化对非正规性和工资的影响：来自墨西哥的证据
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Benjamin Aleman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Benjamin Aleman
本文研究北美自由贸易协定对墨西哥非正规性和实际工资的影响。使用具有企业异质性的动态行业模型，预测消除进口关税可以通过使一些企业进入正规部门获得更多利润、迫使生产率较低的非正规企业退出该行业以及诱导生产率最高的正规企业参与贸易来减少非正规性的发生率。该模型还预测市场份额将向生产力最高的企业重新分配，以及由于这些企业劳动力需求的增加而导致实际工资的增加。通过使用墨西哥和美国进口关税数据以及墨西哥国家城市劳动力调查 (ENEU)，我发现墨西哥进口关税的降低与可贸易行业非正规性可能性的降低显着相关。我还发现，在进口渗透率较高的行业中，非正规性减少得较少，而在相对出口导向型的行业中，非正规性减少得较多。最后，我确认墨西哥进口关税的取消与实际工资的增加有关，而美国进口关税的取消则导致了正式与非正式工资差异的扩大。
This paper studies the impact of NAFTA on informality and real wages in Mexico. Using a dynamic industry model with firm heterogeneity, it is predicted that import tariff elimination could reduce the incidence of informality by making more profitable to some firms to enter the formal sector, forcing the less productive informal firms to exit the industry, and inducing the most productive formal firms to engage in trade. The model also predicts market share reallocations towards the most productive firms, and an increase in real wages due to the increased labour demand by these firms. Using data on Mexican and U.S. import tariffs together with the Mexican National Survey of Urban Labour (ENEU), I find that reductions in the Mexican import tariffs are significantly related to reductions in the likelihood of informality in the tradable industries. I also find that informality decreases less in industries with higher levels of import penetration, while it decreases more in industries that are relatively more export oriented. Finally, I confirm that the elimination of the Mexican import tariffs is related to an increase in real wages, and that the elimination of the U.S. import tariff has contributed to the expansion of the formal-informal wage differentials.