Climate-driven shifts in adult sex ratios via sex reversals: the type of sex determination matters
Climate-driven shifts in adult sex ratios via sex reversals: the type of sex determination matters
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2016.0325
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发表时间：
2017-09-19
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Szekely, Tamas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bokony, Veronika;Kover, Szilvia;Szekely, Tamas
性逆转，即一个遗传性别的个体发展为相反性别的表型，发生在具有遗传性别决定系统的变温脊椎动物中，该系统在性分化期间对极端温度敏感。最近全球气温的上升使研究人员预测，性别逆转将变得更加普遍，导致许多人口的性别比例扭曲。然而，目前还不清楚对气候驱动的性别比例变化的敏感性是否取决于不同物种的性别决定类型。首先，我们在这里使用基于个体的理论模型，XX/XY（男性异配子）和ZZ/ZW（女性异配子）性别决定系统可以不同的温度诱导的性别逆转。有趣的是，气候变暖对成年性别比（ASR）的影响取决于基因型和表型性别对生存和繁殖的影响。其次，我们分析了ASR的时间变化在自然两栖动物种群的文献中的数据，发现ASR转向男性在ZZ/ZW物种在过去的60年，但没有显着变化在XX/XY物种。我们的研究结果强调了这样一个事实，即我们需要更好地了解遗传和环境性别决定机制之间的相互作用，以预测外温动物对气候变化的反应和相关的灭绝风险。这篇文章是主题问题的一部分“成人性别比例和生殖决策：人类和动物社会性别差异的关键重新审视”。
Sex reversals whereby individuals of one genetic sex develop the phenotype of the opposite sex occur in ectothermic vertebrateswith genetic sex-determination systems that are sensitive to extreme temperatures during sexual differentiation. Recent rises in global temperatures have led researchers to predict that sex reversals will become more common, resulting in the distortion of many populations' sex ratios. However, it is unclear whether susceptibility to climate-driven sex-ratio shifts depends on the type of sex determination that varies across species. First, we show here using individual-based theoretical models that XX/XY (male-heterogametic) and ZZ/ZW(female-heterogametic) sex-determination systems can respond differentially to temperature-induced sex reversals. Interestingly, the impacts of climate warming on adult sex ratio (ASR) depend on the effects of both genotypic and phenotypic sex on survival and reproduction. Second, we analyse the temporal changes of ASR in natural amphibian populations using data from the literature, and find that ASR shifted towards males in ZZ/ZW species over the past 60 years, but did not change significantly in XX/XY species. Our results highlight the fact that we need a better understanding of the interactions between genetic and environmental sex-determining mechanisms to predict the responses of ectotherms to climate change and the associated extinction risks.This article is part of the themed issue 'Adult sex ratios and reproductive decisions: a critical re-examination of sex differences in human and animal societies'.