Use of wild relatives to improve salt tolerance in wheat
Use of wild relatives to improve salt tolerance in wheat
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DOI：
10.1093/jxb/erj124
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Munns, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Colmer, TD;Flowers, TJ;Munns, R
在小麦族的成员中，耐盐性有相当大的差异，该族甚至包含一些盐生植物。这是一个审查是什么已知的耐盐性的差异，在这个部落的草，和潜在的利用野生物种，以提高小麦耐盐性。大多数研究者集中在叶片中离子积累的差异上，描述了具有低叶片Na+浓度和高K+/Na+比的理想表型。关于其他性状（如积累的Na+和Cl-的“组织耐受性”）的信息很少，这也可能有助于耐盐性。四倍体硬粒小麦（Triticum turgidum L.）SSP.硬粒小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）SSP. aestivum），和野生近缘种（例如山羊草属，偃麦草属，长穗偃麦草（Lophopyrum elongatum，Hordeum spp.）描述了盐生植物表现出Na+“排除”的能力，在某些情况下，Cl-“排除”，即使在相对高的盐度。值得注意的是，有可能将小麦族的几个野生种与硬粒小麦和面包小麦杂交。祖先已经被用来制造人工合成的六倍体。盐生近缘植物，例如高冰草，已被用于产生小麦的双二倍体、二体染色体附加和置换系以及重组系。从这些不同的杂交程序中的各种衍生物的改进的Na+“排斥”和增强的耐盐性的例子。由于现在已知改善Na+“排斥”的几个来源存在于小麦族物种的各种基因组中的不同染色体上，进一步的工作来确定潜在的机制，然后将各种性状的控制基因金字塔化，这可能会起到相加作用，甚至协同作用，可能会使耐盐性获得实质性的提高。
There is considerable variability in salt tolerance amongst members of the Triticeae, with the tribe even containing a number of halophytes. This is a review of what is known of the differences in salt tolerance of selected species in this tribe of grasses, and the potential to use wild species to improve salt tolerance in wheat. Most investigators have concentrated on differences in ion accumulation in leaves, describing a desirable phenotype with low leaf Na+ concentration and a high K+/Na+ ratio. Little information is available on other traits (such as 'tissue tolerance' of accumulated Na+ and Cl-) that might also contribute to salt tolerance. The sources of Na+ 'exclusion' amongst the various genomes that make up tetraploid (AABB) durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum), hexaploid (AABBDD) bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum), and wild relatives (e.g. Aegilops spp., Thinopyrum spp., Elytrigia elongata syn. Lophopyrum elongatum, Hordeum spp.) are described. The halophytes display a capacity for Na+ 'exclusion', and in some cases Cl- 'exclusion', even at relatively high salinity. Significantly, it is possible to hybridize several wild species in the Triticeae with durum and bread wheat. Progenitors have been used to make synthetic hexaploids. Halophytic relatives, such as tall wheatgrass spp., have been used to produce amphiploids, disomic chromosome addition and substitution lines, and recombinant lines in wheat. Examples of improved Na+ 'exclusion' and enhanced salt tolerance in various derivatives from these various hybridization programmes are given. As several sources of improved Na+ 'exclusion' are now known to reside on different chromosomes in various genomes of species in the Triticeae, further work to identify the underlying mechanisms and then to pyramid the controlling genes for the various traits, that could act additively or even synergistically, might enable substantial gains in salt tolerance to be achieved.