The Doctrine of Commercial Impracticability in a Second-Best World
The Doctrine of Commercial Impracticability in a Second-Best World
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第二好的世界中商业不切实际的原则
DOI：
10.1086/467842
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Sykes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Sykes
根据法律规定，允诺人不履行合同义务，必须向受允诺人支付违约金。但是，如果允诺人“不能”履行义务是因为一种非常的偶然事件发生，并且允诺人没有明确承担这种偶然事件的风险，法院可以解除允诺人的履行义务。在普通法中，这种决定属于“不可能”原则。“”《统一商法典》采用术语“不切实际”2，为方便起见，本文通篇使用该术语来指U.C.C.和普通法原则。本文探讨了在使履行“不可行”的事件发生后，合同义务的有效履行的条件，例如：
ORDINARILY, a promisor who fails to perform a contractual obligation must pay damages to the promisee for breach of contract. But if the promisor is "unable" to perform because an extraordinary contingency materializes, and the promisor has not expressly assumed the risk of that contingency, the courts may relieve the promisor of the obligation to perform. At common law, such decisions fall under the doctrine of "impossibility."' The Uniform Commercial Code (U.C.C.) adopts the term "impracticability'"2 which, for convenience, is used throughout this article to refer to both U.C.C. and common-law doctrine. This article explores the conditions under which a discharge of contractual obligations is efficient following an event that makes performance "impracticable," such as an extraordinary increase in the cost of per-