Occurrence of brown root rot in Ocean Expo Park, Okinawa, Japan: Infection route and preventive control measures
Occurrence of brown root rot in Ocean Expo Park, Okinawa, Japan: Infection route and preventive control measures
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日本冲绳海洋博公园褐根腐病的发生：感染途径及防治措施
DOI：
10.1111/efp.12809
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Sahashi N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tsujimoto S;Akiba M;Kameyama N;Sahashi N
海洋博览园于1976年在日本亚热带的冲绳上建立，在77.2公顷的面积上有大约8000棵种植或自然生长的树木。这些树木的倒伏主要是由于台风造成的;从倒伏树木的树干和根部制成的木屑通常被用作覆盖材料，在整个公园区域，尽管可能受到病原真菌的感染，例如引起褐色根腐病的病原体-黑斑病。黑斑病分布于世界各地的热带和亚热带地区，宿主范围广泛。该真菌可以通过根与根的接触用菌丝体或用担孢子感染宿主植物。本文报道了该公园树木褐根病的危害现状，并利用微卫星标记推测了该菌的侵染途径。在调查的294株树木中，从5个树种的13株树木上分离到了梨疫霉，梨疫霉在小叶榕上的检出率高于其它树种，其中大叶榕（Ficus superbavar. japonica）为新的寄主，木棉（Bombax ceiba）为日本首次报道的梨疫霉的寄主植物。在13株感病树分离物中，2株来自相邻感病树的分离物被认为是同一属，11株分离物为不同属，表明担孢子的侵染在整个公园的树木中频繁发生，尽管通过根系传播也发生在至少两棵相邻的树木之间。在遥远的地方没有检测到相同的基因，这表明这种疾病不会通过芯片传播。然而，覆盖芯片可以导致木材腐烂，由于腐烂真菌以外的其他P。noxius。因此，根据预防原则，公园目前禁止砍伐和覆盖被风吹倒或损坏的树木，并正在考虑燃烧等处理方法。
Ocean Expo Park, established in 1976 on subtropical Okinawa Island, Japan, has approximately 8000 planted or naturally grown trees in an area of 77.2 ha. Windfall of these trees occurs mainly due to typhoons; wood chips made from the trunks and roots of windfall trees are commonly used as mulching material throughout the park areas, despite possible infection by pathogenic fungi such asPhellinus noxius, the pathogen causing brown root rot.P. noxiusis distributed in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide and has a broad host range. The fungus can infect host plants with mycelia via root‐to‐root contact or with basidiospores. Here, we report the current status of tree damage caused by brown root rot in the park and infer the infection routes ofP. noxiusbased on microsatellite markers. Among a total of 294 trees surveyed in the park,P. noxiuswas isolated from 13 trees of five species.P. noxiuswas observed more frequently onFicus microcarpathan on other tree species.Ficus superbavar.japonicawas identified as a new host species, andBombax ceibawas first recorded as a host plant ofP. noxiusin Japan. Among the 13P. noxiusisolates from the diseased trees, 2 isolates from adjacent diseased trees were considered to be of the same genet, while the other 11 isolates were different genets, indicating that infection by basidiospores occurred frequently among trees in the entire park, although spread via root systems also occurred between at least two adjacent trees. An identical genet was not detected at distant locations, which suggests that the disease does not spread via chips. However, mulching with chips can lead to wood decay due to decaying fungi other thanP. noxius. Therefore, in accordance with the precautionary principle, the park currently prohibits the chipping and mulching of windfall or damaged trees and is considering disposal methods such as burning.
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