Sensory uncertainty leads to systematic misperception of the direction of motion in depth
Sensory uncertainty leads to systematic misperception of the direction of motion in depth
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DOI：
10.3758/s13414-015-0881-x
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Rokers, Bas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fulvio, Jacqueline M.;Rosen, Monica L.;Rokers, Bas
虽然我们在理解基于计算机显示器上的横向（2D）运动信号的运动感知方面取得了重大进展，但真实的（3D）世界中的大多数运动都发生在注视平面之外，并且直接朝向或远离观察者的运动具有特定的行为相关性。之前的工作报告了3D运动感知中的系统性横向偏差，例如与观察者头部碰撞的物体经常被判断为错过它，从而产生明显的负面后果。为了更好地理解这种偏见，我们系统地研究了3D运动感知的准确性，同时通过改变移动目标的对比度及其相对于固定的深度位置来操纵感官噪声。与以前的工作不一致，我们发现在低感官噪声条件下几乎没有偏见。然而，随着感官噪音的增加，我们揭示了一种新的感知现象：观察者表现出一种令人惊讶的倾向，混淆了深度运动的方向，例如接近的物体被报告为后退，反之亦然。随后的分析表明，观察员报告的横向和深度运动分量受到类似的影响，但对深度运动分量的影响（即，深度运动混淆）比横向分量上的运动混淆明显得多。除了揭示这种新的视觉现象，这些结果揭示了运动感知中可能发生的错误，并为运动感知模型的持续发展提供了基础。最后，我们的研究结果提出了评估3D可视化环境（如3D电影和虚拟现实设备）有效性的方法。
Although we have made major advances in understanding motion perception based on the processing of lateral (2D) motion signals on computer displays, the majority of motion in the real (3D) world occurs outside of the plane of fixation, and motion directly toward or away from observers has particular behavioral relevance. Previous work has reported a systematic lateral bias in the perception of 3D motion, such that an object on a collision course with an observer's head is frequently judged to miss it, with obvious negative consequences. To better understand this bias, we systematically investigated the accuracy of 3D motion perception while manipulating sensory noise by varying the contrast of a moving target and its position in depth relative to fixation. Inconsistent with previous work, we found little bias under low sensory noise conditions. With increased sensory noise, however, we revealed a novel perceptual phenomenon: observers demonstrated a surprising tendency to confuse the direction of motion-in-depth, such that approaching objects were reported to be receding and vice versa. Subsequent analysis revealed that the lateral and motion-in-depth components of observers' reports are similarly affected, but that the effects on the motion-in-depth component (i.e., the motion-in-depth confusions) are much more apparent than those on the lateral component. In addition to revealing this novel visual phenomenon, these results shed new light on errors that can occur in motion perception and provide a basis for continued development of motion perception models. Finally, our findings suggest methods to evaluate the effectiveness of 3D visualization environments, such as 3D movies and virtual reality devices.