Comparative and functional anatomy of the mammalian lumbar spine
Comparative and functional anatomy of the mammalian lumbar spine
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DOI：
10.1002/ar.1156
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发表时间：
2001-10-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Putz, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boszczyk, BM;Boszczyk, AA;Putz, R
脊柱作为承重和运动的重要器官，除了保持神经结构的完整性外，还面临着既要提供最大的稳定性又要保持关键的机动性的矛盾。然而，哺乳动物腰椎的比较形态适应，特别是在运动方面，只得到了有限的科学关注。因此，通过比较解剖学还没有充分地突出人类腰椎的特殊特征。对10个哺乳动物物种(人、黑猩猩、猩猩、袋鼠、海豚、海豹、普氏野马、猎豹、喇嘛、野山羊)的每一腰椎进行了14次测量，得出了数学平均值。根据不同的脊柱负荷模式分析了所揭示的特征。所有被检查的哺乳动物腰椎都显示出对特定生物力学要求的精确适应。腰椎对主要平面的屈曲做出反应，四足动物的椎体变窄。在灵长类动物中，腰椎扭转是通过增加上腰椎下关节突之间的横向距离来抵御的，但在人类中，下腰椎、四足动物和海豹之间的横向距离增加。矢状关节突关节区域抵抗海豹和人类的扭转。在人类和灵长类动物中，腹侧剪切由前侧关节突关节区域抵抗，而在ibex中，背侧剪切区域通过包围关节而抵抗。人类第五腰椎具有最大的终板表面积和最宽的下关节突之间的距离，是两足行走时轴向载荷和扭转程度较高的指标。Anat Rec 264：157-168,2001。(C)2001年Wiley-Liss，Inc.
As an essential organ of both weight bearing and locomotion, the spine is subject to the conflict of providing maximal stability while maintaining crucial mobility, in addition to maintaining the integrity of the neural structures. Comparative morphological adaptation of the lumbar spine of mammals, especially in respect to locomotion, has however received only limited scientific attention. Specialised features of the human lumbar spine, have therefore not been adequately highlighted through comparative anatomy. Mathematical averages were determined of 14 measurements taken on each lumbar vertebrae of ten mammalian species (human, chimpanzee, orang-utan, kangaroo, dolphin, seal, Przewalski's horse, cheetah, lama, ibex). The revealed traits are analysed with respect to the differing spinal loading patterns. All examined mammalian lumbar spines suggest an exact accommodation to specific biomechanical demands. The lumbar spine has reacted to flexion in a predominant plane with narrowing of the vertebral bodies in quadrupeds. Torsion of the lumbar spine is withstood by an increase in the transverse distance between the inferior articular processes in the upper lumbar spine in primates, but lower lumbar spine in humans, quadrupeds and the seal. Sagittal zygapophyseal joint areas resist torsion in the seal and humans. Ventral shear is resisted by frontal zygapophyseal joint areas in humans and primates, and dorsal shear by encompassing joints in the ibex. The human fifth lumbar vertebra is remarkable in possessing the largest endplate surface area and the widest distance between the inferior articular processes, as an indicator of the high degree of axial load and torsion in bipedalism. Anat Rec 264:157-168, 2001. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.