Effects of reclamation and deep ripping on soil bulk density and hydraulic conductivity at legacy surface mines in northeast Ohio, USA
Effects of reclamation and deep ripping on soil bulk density and hydraulic conductivity at legacy surface mines in northeast Ohio, USA
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116788
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发表时间：
2024-02
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Michael P. Back;Anne J. Jefferson;Catherine T. Ruhm;Christopher B. Blackwood
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Michael P. Back;Anne J. Jefferson;Catherine T. Ruhm;Christopher B. Blackwood
地表开采和复垦活动会严重影响土壤的物理性质，影响水分运动和根系生长，阻碍原生植被和生态系统功能的重建。深撕裂是一种很有前途的方法，可以利用长柄拖过土壤来减轻压实，但对其在细质地冰川母质中的有效性知之甚少。在5个回收的地表矿山和4个冰川母质的参考森林中，我们测量了土壤容重和饱和水力传导性。随后在两个矿区进行了网格模式的深撕裂，并重新测量了撕裂内外的土壤性质。在开凿前，复垦矿区的近地表容重比参考森林高，饱和水力导率比参考森林低，且深度大于20 cm的矿区土壤密度通常比植物生长的理想土壤密度高（>1.4 g cm−3）。撕裂增加了体积密度和饱和水力导电性的可变性，垂直撕裂的交叉点在顶部5cm处比撕裂前更密集。在地表以下，裂缝中的土壤密度普遍低于裂缝前的条件，并且在一些裂缝中观察到土壤管道。在撕裂之间，体积密度在顶部5cm处下降，但在更深的深度保持不变或相对于撕裂前的条件增加。这些结果强调了在评估矿山复垦和撕裂效果时，精细尺度、空间明确采样的重要性。我们的数据支持在裂缝交叉处种植树木的策略，尽管对根系扩展到裂缝之间区域的潜力表示怀疑。
Surface mining and reclamation activities can substantially affect the soil physical properties that mediate water movement and root growth, impeding the re-establishment of native vegetation and ecosystem function. Deep ripping is a promising approach to mitigate compaction using long shanks dragged through the soil, but little is known about its effectiveness in fine-textured glacial parent material. In five reclaimed surface mines and four reference forests on glacial parent material, we measured soil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Two mine sites were subsequently subjected to deep ripping in a grid pattern and soil properties were remeasured within and outside of the rips. Before ripping, near-surface bulk density was higher and saturated hydraulic conductivity was lower at the reclaimed mines than the reference forests, and mine soils deeper than 20 cm were often denser than ideal for plant growth (>1.4 g cm−3). Ripping increased variability in bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity, with the intersection of perpendicular rips becoming denser than pre-rip conditions in the top 5 cm. Below the surface, soils in the rips were generally less dense than pre-rip conditions, and soil piping was observed within some rips. Between the rips, bulk density decreased in the top 5 cm, but remained constant or increased relative to pre-rip conditions at greater depths. These results emphasize the importance of fine-scale, spatially explicit sampling when assessing the effects of mine reclamation and ripping. Our data support strategies of planting trees within rip intersections, though cast doubt on the potential for root expansion into areas between rips.