Host persistence or extinction from emerging infectious disease: insights from white-nose syndrome in endemic and invading regions
Host persistence or extinction from emerging infectious disease: insights from white-nose syndrome in endemic and invading regions
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2015.2861
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发表时间：
2016-03-16
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Kilpatrick, A. Marm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoyt, Joseph R.;Langwig, Kate E.;Kilpatrick, A. Marm
预测引入新病原体后物种的命运是保护中的一个重要且日益严重的问题。比较引进和流行地区之间的疾病动态可以提供洞察哪些幼稚宿主将持续存在或灭绝，疾病作为宿主社区的过滤器。我们研究了四个假设的机制，宿主病原体的持久性，通过比较宿主感染模式和环境水库的Pseudogymnocellulosdestructans（白鼻综合征的病原体）在亚洲，一个流行的地区，和北美，病原体最近入侵。虽然蝙蝠的菌落大小和冬眠温度非常相似，但亚洲蝙蝠和环境中的感染率和真菌负荷都比北美低得多。这些结果表明，亚洲的传播强度和病原体生长较低，可能是由于该流行地区的宿主对病原体生长具有较高的抗性，而不是由于宿主耐受性，由于较小的种群或较低的环境驱动的病原体生长速率导致的传播较低。在北美，疾病过滤似乎也有利于最初具有抗性的物种。更广泛地说，确定机制，使物种在地方性地区的持久性，可以帮助确定物种在引进地区灭绝的风险更大，并确定疾病动态和宿主病原体共同进化的后果。
Predicting species' fates following the introduction of a novel pathogen is a significant and growing problem in conservation. Comparing disease dynamics between introduced and endemic regions can offer insight into which naive hosts will persist or go extinct, with disease acting as a filter on host communities. We examined four hypothesized mechanisms for host pathogen persistence by comparing host infection patterns and environmental reservoirs for Pseudogymnoascus destructans (the causative agent of white-nose syndrome) in Asia, an endemic region, and North America, where the pathogen has recently invaded. Although colony sizes of bats and hibernacula temperatures were very similar, both infection prevalence and fungal loads were much lower on bats and in the environment in Asia than North America. These results indicate that transmission intensity and pathogen growth are lower in Asia, likely due to higher host resistance to pathogen growth in this endemic region, and not due to host tolerance, lower transmission due to smaller populations, or lower environmentally driven pathogen growth rate. Disease filtering also appears to be favouring initially resistant species in North America. More broadly, determining the mechanisms allowing species persistence in endemic regions can help identify species at greater risk of extinction in introduced regions, and determine the consequences for disease dynamics and host pathogen coevolution.