Natural Capital-Based Societies in the Tropics
Natural Capital-Based Societies in the Tropics
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DOI：
10.1007/978-981-33-4654-3_6
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Osaki;N. Tsuji;Tsuyoshi Kato;M. Yamanaka;A. Sulaiman;Sisva Silsigia;Rahmawati I. Wetadewi
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Osaki;N. Tsuji;Tsuyoshi Kato;M. Yamanaka;A. Sulaiman;Sisva Silsigia;Rahmawati I. Wetadewi
由于热带地区暴露在大量的太阳辐射中，太阳能改良对热带生态系统非常重要。在高太阳能改善机制中，水循环是通过海洋表面蒸发和森林蒸散发以潜热形式消除太阳辐射能的第一个功能。碳循环是第二个功能，它通过光合作用将太阳辐射能固定为植物（和森林）中的碳水化合物。此外，森林在水-碳联系中具有功能，并且假定水-树-碳联系是热带地区的关键功能，其中TREE（一种简化的森林功能）是作为自然资本的生物装置。TREE模型包括太阳能电池板（叶片）、电池（茎）、空调（蒸散发）、碳固存（生物炭）、肥料生产（氮固定）、水坝（土壤中的水分储备）和土壤保持（通过施用有机物）等功能。由于水-植物-碳的联系依赖于太阳能的输入，这个系统所在的自然生态系统被定义为“太阳收获生态系统”，而依赖于这些生态系统的人类社会被定义为“太阳收获社会”。理想收获太阳协会依靠自然资本，目标是发展“碳中和社会”。收获太阳协会应该使用少量的水电和生物质能。在这里，我们建议将这种依赖于自然资本的新的地球管理系统称为“包络机制”。“收获的太阳社团”依靠自然资源，以碳负经济为目标。收获太阳协会依靠化石燃料和工业可再生能源（主要是太阳能电池板和风能）。在这里，我们建议把这些依赖自然资源的破坏性地球管理系统称为“发展机制”。
As the tropics are exposed to large amounts of solar radiation, solar energy amelioration is highly important in tropical ecosystems. Among mechanisms of high solar energy amelioration, the water cycle is the first function that removes solar radiation energy in the form of latent heat through evaporation at the sea surface and evapotranspiration from forests. The carbon cycle is the second function as it fixes solar radiation energy into carbohydrates in plants (and forests) through photosynthesis. In addition, forests have a function in the water–carbon linkage, and it is assumed that the water–TREE–carbon linkage is a key function in the tropics, where a TREE (a simplified forest function) is a bioapparatus that serves as natural capital. The TREE model includes functions such as solar panels (leaves), batteries (stems), air conditioning (evapotranspiration), carbon sequestration (biochar), fertilizer production (N2fixation), water dams (water reserves in the soil), and soil conservation (through the application of organic matter).As the water–plant–carbon linkage depends on solar energy input, the natural ecosystems in which this system occurs are defined as “Sun Harvesting Ecosystems,” and the human societies that depend on these ecosystems are defined as “Harvesting Sun Societies.”Ideal Harvesting Sun Societies depend on natural capital and target the development of “carbon-neutral societies.” Harvesting Sun Societies should use small amounts of energy from hydropower and biomass. Here, we propose to call this new earth management system, which depends on natural capital,“Envelopment Mechanisms.” “Harvested Sun Societies” depend on natural resources and target carbon-negative economies. Harvested Sun Societies rely on fossil fuels and industrial renewable energy (mainly solar panels and wind power). Here, we propose to call these destructive earth management systems, which depend on natural resources, “Development Mechanisms.”