On the Law Relating Processing to Storage in Working Memory
On the Law Relating Processing to Storage in Working Memory
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DOI：
10.1037/a0022324
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Camos, Valerie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barrouillet, Pierre;Portrat, Sophie;Camos, Valerie
工作记忆在认知心理学中通常被定义为致力于同时处理和维持信息的系统。然而，尽管在过去的几十年里提出了许多工作记忆模型，但它们往往没有充分说明加工和存储之间的动态相互作用。此外，最流行的A. D. Baddeley和G. Hitch（1974）的多成分模型与事实相矛盾，留下了未解决的认知功能的主要问题之一。本文从基于时间的工作记忆资源共享模型出发，推导出了一个数学函数，它将同时加工所涉及的认知负荷与工作记忆中能同时保持活跃的信息量联系起来。一个元分析从几个实验测试加工对存储的影响证实了预测功能的参数，这表明它正确地反映了工作记忆的2个功能的相关规律。
Working memory is usually defined in cognitive psychology as a system devoted to the simultaneous processing and maintenance of information. However, although many models of working memory have been put forward during the last decades, they often leave underspecified the dynamic interplay between processing and storage. Moreover, the account of their interaction proposed by the most popular A. D. Baddeley and G. Hitch's (1974) multiple-component model is contradicted by facts, leaving unresolved one of the main issues of cognitive functioning. In this article, the author derive from the time-based resource-sharing model of working memory a mathematical function relating the cognitive load involved by concurrent processing to the amount of information that can be simultaneously maintained active in working memory. A meta-analysis from several experiments testing the effects of processing on storage corroborates the parameters of the predicted function, suggesting that it properly reflects the law relating the 2 functions of working memory.