MOTIVATED SKEPTICISM - USE OF DIFFERENTIAL DECISION CRITERIA FOR PREFERRED AND NONPREFERRED CONCLUSIONS
MOTIVATED SKEPTICISM - USE OF DIFFERENTIAL DECISION CRITERIA FOR PREFERRED AND NONPREFERRED CONCLUSIONS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.568
复制
发表时间：
1992-10-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
LOPEZ, DF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DITTO, PH;LOPEZ, DF
三个实验表明，与首选结论一致的信息比与首选结论不一致的信息被审查得更少，因此，达到前者所需的信息比后者少。在研究一中，被试判断两个学生中哪一个最聪明，相信他们会与他们选择的一个密切合作。学生需要较少的信息来决定一个不讨人喜欢的学生比他更聪明。在研究2和研究3中，被给予不利的医学测试结果的学生花了更长的时间来决定他们的测试结果是完整的，更有可能重新测试他们的结果的有效性，引用更多的生活违规行为，可能会影响测试的准确性，并将测试的准确性评为低于接受更有利的诊断的学生。研究结果表明，自我服务偏差的一个核心组成部分是不同数量的认知处理偏好一致和偏好不一致的信息。
Three experiments show that information consistent with a preferred conclusion is examined less critically than information inconsistent with a preferred conclusion, and consequently, less information is required to reach the former than the latter. In Study 1, Ss judged which of 2 students was most intelligent, believing they would work closely with the 1 they chose. Ss required less information to decide that a dislikable student was less intelligent than that he was more intelligent. In Studies 2 and 3, Ss given an unfavorable medical test result took longer to decide their test result was complete, were more likely to retest the validity of their result, cited more life irregularities that might have affected test accuracy, and rated test accuracy as lower than did Ss receiving more favorable diagnoses. Results suggest that a core component of self-serving bias is the differential quantity of cognitive processing given to preference-consistent and preference-inconsistent information.