Mechanisms of prescription drug diversion among drug-involved club- and street-based populations
Mechanisms of prescription drug diversion among drug-involved club- and street-based populations
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00255.x
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Cicero, Theodore J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Inciardi, James A.;Surratt, Hilary L.;Cicero, Theodore J.
Objective.处方药转移涉及将受管制的药品从法律的来源非法输送到非法市场，并且可能发生在药品交付过程的沿着所有点，从原始制造地点到批发分销商、医生办公室、零售药店或患者。然而，经验数据转移是有限的。为了更好地了解特定的吸毒人群如何转移处方阿片类药物和其他药物，或获得已被转移的受管制药物，对佛罗里达州迈阿密的四个不同的处方药滥用人群--俱乐部吸毒者、街头非法吸毒者、美沙酮维持治疗患者、和HIV阳性者滥用和/或转移药物。重点小组参与者列举的滥用处方药的来源极为多样，包括他们的医生和药剂师;父母和亲属;“医生购物”;生病或受伤后的剩余药品;亲自前往墨西哥、南美洲和加勒比;用于治疗精神疾病的处方;街头和夜总会的直接销售;药房和医院盗窃;通过朋友或熟人;门底下的公寓传单广告电话号码打电话;和“偷奶奶的药箱。“结论。虽然医生购物者、医生和互联网在转移方面受到了很大的关注，但本文报告的数据表明，也有许多活跃的街头市场，涉及患者、医疗补助接受者和药店。此外，还有其他数据表明，住宅盗窃、药房抢劫和盗窃以及“偷取”对转移问题的贡献可能被低估了。
Objective. Prescription drug diversion involves the unlawful channeling of regulated pharmaceuticals from legal sources to the illicit marketplace, and can occur along all points in the drug delivery process, from the original manufacturing site to the wholesale distributor, the physician's office, the retail pharmacy, or the patient. However, empirical data on diversion are limited.Method. In an attempt to develop a better understanding of how specific drug-using populations are diverting prescription opioids and other medications, or obtaining controlled drugs that have already been diverted, qualitative interviews and focus group data were collected on four separate populations of prescription drug abusers in Miami, Florida-club drug users, street-based illicit drug users, methadone maintenance patients, and HIV positive individuals who abuse and/or divert drugs.Results. Sources of abused prescription drugs cited by focus group participants were extremely diverse, including their physicians and pharmacists; parents and relatives; "doctor shopping"; leftover supplies following an illness or injury; personal visits to Mexico, South America and the Caribbean; prescriptions intended for the treatment of mental illness; direct sales on the street and in nightclubs; pharmacy and hospital theft; through friends or acquaintances; under-the-door apartment flyers advertising telephone numbers to call; and "stealing from grandma's medicine cabinet."Conclusion. While doctor shoppers, physicians and the Internet receive much of the attention regarding diversion, the data reported in this paper suggest that there are numerous active street markets involving patients, Medicaid recipients and pharmacies as well. In addition, there are other data which suggest that the contributions of residential burglaries, pharmacy robberies and thefts, and "sneak thefts" to the diversion problem may be understated.